ARE BOSSES UNIQUE? PERSONALITY
FACET DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CEOS
AND STAFF IN FIVE WORK SECTORS
Kat Palaiou
University College London
Adrian Furnham
University College London and
Norwegian Business School
This study compared the Big Five Personality facet scores of 138 CEOs compared with
senior managers. The former were significantly less neurotic and had higher extraver-
sion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness scores on both domain and facet scales. The
results were then investigated in 5 work functions: engineering, legal, accounting/
finance, human resources, and marketing. Two traits showed very consistent results for
all 5 functions: CEOs were less neurotic and more conscientious with Cohen’s d values
between .30 and .85. Results were also examined at the phenotypic factor level to show
a more detailed pattern. These results are consistent with the relatively few other studies
on the personalities of CEOs. Implications and limitations are discussed.
Keywords: five factor model, bright side, CEO, working norms
Personality characteristics have been shown to play a significant role in work-related attitudes/
behaviors (Barrick & Mount, 2005). Consequently, industrial/organizational (I/O) researchers have
turned their attention toward identifying the essence of the relationship and the mechanisms that
underlie it (Barrick, Mount, & Judge, 2001). Researchers have noted that personality affects two
main behaviors that are vital for an organization: employee performance and withdrawal (Li,
Barrick, Zimmerman, & Chiaburu, 2014). The personality traits that are less associated with
employee withdrawal are conscientiousness, emotional stability (opposite pole of neuroticism), and
agreeableness (Barrick & Mount, 2005; Zimmerman, 2008).
Five Factor Model and Job Performance/Career Success
The five factor model (FFM) assesses five basic personality domains: extraversion, neuroticism or
emotional stability, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience (McCrae & Costa,
1990). The FFM is considered one of the most valid and reliable research models on personality and
leadership (Barrick & Mount, 1991; Judge, Bono, Ilies, & Gerhardt, 2002; McCrae & Costa, 1997)
for two main reasons. First, the five domains are extremely stable over the life span of an adult
Kat Palaiou, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London;
Adrian Furnham, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College
London, and Department of Leadership and Organisational Behaviour, Norwegian Business School.
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Adrian Furnham, Research Department of
Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, United
Kingdom, WC1H0AP. E-mail: a.furnham@ucl.ac.uk
This document is copyrighted by the American Psychological Association or one of its allied publishers.
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Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research © 2014 American Psychological Association
2014, Vol. 66, No. 3, 173–196 1065-9293/14/$12.00 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/cpb0000010
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