137
International Journal of Sport Studies. Vol., 4 (2), 137-145, 2014
Available online at http: www.ijssjournal.com
ISSN 2251-7502 © 2014; Science and Research Publications
Evaluation of attitudes of individuals towards leisure time activities in
different cultures: Ankara-London case
BEYZA M. AKGÜL
*
, İ. FATİH YENEL
Gazi University School of Physical Education and Sports
*
Corresponding author, E-mail: bmakgul@gazi.edu.tr
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate attitudes towards leisure activities in
different cultures as the example of London and Ankara. 221 volunteer state university
students who have studied in London and 462 volunteer state university students who
have studied in Ankara, totally 683 students, were participated to the study. 631
participants were accepted to the study (Ankara 427 students, London 207 students).
First part of the data colection instrument consisted of demographic variables. As a
second part, Leisure Attitude Scale (LAS) was employed to gather the data after
conducting validity and reliability study of LAS in the coverage of this study.
Descriptive statistics, multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA), analysis of
variance (ANOVA) were conducted to analyze the data. The findings suggest that
although there is a significant relationship between leisure attitudes of participants in
Ankara and gender, there is no significant difference about age, income and belief. On
the other hand, there is a significant relationship between leisure attitudes of
participants in London and age; and there is no significant difference about gender,
income and belief.
Key Words: Attitude, Leisure Time, Leisure Attitude
Introduction
Today attitudes of individuals show specific changes and developments throughout the world. In other
words, factors such as increase of urbanization rate, development of technology day by day and the effect of
mass communication tools make changes in attitudes of individuals. Attitude is generally attributed to an
individual and defined as a tendency which regularly forms his thoughts, emotions and behaviors about a
psychological object (Kağıtçıbaşı et al., 2010). These tendencies are products of the society he is included and
his own socio-cultural environment. People can display similar attitudes with other people by adapting to this
environment. The subject of attitude can be anything (concrete-abstract) and also can be leisure time ( İnceoğlu,
2000).
Attitudes of individuals towards leisure time is quite important both for developed and developing countries.
Since attitude, which is an invisible concept, causes specific visible behaviors, leisure time attitude of
individuals can be understood as a result of observing these behaviors. This situation emerges in different ways
in different countries, because people reflect the rules, beliefs and values of culture they are affiliated to their
attitudes and behaviors. In developed countries, people become more and more interested in having more
qualified way of living as the level of economic welfare increases. According to the results of 2002 General
Household Research carried out in England which is a developed country, it is seen that individuals participate
in various physical, cultural-artistic activities and it can be said that individuals have an active recreational life
(Turkish Statistics Institution, 2011). When data of Turkey Statistics Institution (TÜİK) are considered, it can be
understood that people living in Turkey generally have passive recreational life (Turkish Statistics Institution,
2011).