IJIRST –International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology| Volume 1 | Issue 9 | February 2015 ISSN (online): 2349-6010 All rights reserved by www.ijirst.org 78 Spectrum Aware Mobility Management in Cognitive Radio-A Survey Mr. Mutturaj Basavaraj Sajjan Prof. Mallikarjun N Deshmukh Student Professor Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering B.L.D.E.A’s CET, Bijapur-586103, India B.L.D.E.A’s CET, Bijapur-586103, India Prof. T. Y. Melligeri Mr. Manjunath Gidaveer Professor Student Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering B.L.D.E.A’s CET, Bijapur-586103, India B.L.D.E.A’s CET, Bijapur-586103, India Abstract Cognitive radio (CR) enables the efficient utilization of the limited radio spectrum, network resources and an unlicensed user can communicate in licensed spectrum without interfering a licensed user. In CR expected to address several operational challenges such as spectrum access in dynamic manner, providing Quality of Service (QOS) between end-to-end and spectral heterogeneity. Hence it become an all-encompassing term for a wide variety of technologies and emerges as a promising solution to improve current spectrum utilization efficiently. In this paper we proposed spectrum mobility management in cognitive radio. Keywords: Cognitive Radio, Dynamic Spectrum Access, spectrum polling, spectrum handoff, spectrum mobility management _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ I. INTRODUCTION Due to the ever-increasing demand for new wireless services and applications for anytime and anywhere connectivity in our daily businesses and lives, we expect to face a shortage of available wireless spectrum in the near future. However, this spectrum-shortage problem is known to be rooted in the conventional static spectrum-allocation policy where only licensed devices can operate on a designated spectrum band. For example, according to a recent measurement report, an average of only 5.2% of wireless spectrum under 3GHz was being actively used, indicating that a large fraction of spectrum bands are unutilized or underutilized at any given location and time. The cognitive radio (CR) network refers to the wireless network using CR technology. The key functionality that enables the efficient utilization of the limited radio spectrum and network resources, which provides the ability to share the wireless channel with primary users in an taking immediate advantage manner. The term ―Cognitive Radio‖ was first coined by Joseph Mitola III in his article with Gerald. Q. Maguire, Jr., in 1999 describing it as a software defined radio which can change its parameters depending on the need and user requirements. The importance of Cognitive Radio is that it operates in both licensed band and also in unlicensed band. In the licensed band the functions of CR are mainly aimed to avoid the interference with the licensed users. During the ongoing communication if the primary user is detected then secondary user should vacant current spectrum and move to other unused spectrum by the process called spectrum handoff. If there are no license users in the band then entities of all networks in unlicensed band have equal rights to access the spectrum. In upcoming sections we will discuss cognitive radio technology, CR architecture, functions of CR, spectrum mobility for CR, and spectrum polling concept. II. COGNITIVE RADIO TECHNOLOGY Two main characteristics of network architecture can be defined as follows: Cognitive Capability: A. Which is the ability to acquire the radio parameters from its surroundingsThe.CR should be able to determine the frequency occupancy by identifying the spectrum holes (or spectrum opportunities). The spectrum hole is defined as the frequency bands which are allocated but not utilized in some location and at some times by the licensed system Moreover, depending on the system, CR might have information about the modulation and coding as well as the geo-location of the licensed system devices.