201 Cultivation of Physalis angulata L. and Anadenanthera colubrina [(Vell.) Brenan] species of the Brazilian semi-arid. Freitas, T. de A. 1 ; Rodrigues, A. C. da C. 1 ; Osuna , J. T. A. 1 1 Feira de Santana State University, Department of Biological Sciences, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil, 44100-000. ABSTRACT: Cultivation of Physalis angulata L. and Anadenanthera colubrina ((Vell.) Brenan) species of the Brazilian semi-arid. The Brazilian Northeast is the third larger region of Brazil, with 1.548.672 Km 2 and has about 60% (900,000 Km 2 ) recovered by the Bioma Caatinga. The disordered exploration of the vegetal biodiversity in the Brazil’s Northeast region will bring losses of valuable therapeutical substances and also important genes that codify enzimes of potential use in the biosynthetic studies of new natural products. The P. angulata specie belongs to the Solanaceae family, in the popular medicine, it has been used as anticoagulating, antileucemic, antimutagenic and its fruits is used as feeding. Besides, the angico A. colubrina specie of the Mimosaceae family is used as tanniniferous, melliferous and medicinal treatment of respiratory illnesses, ulcers and diarrhea. Because of the great importance of these two species, it had been made physiological and agronomic studies, objectifying bigger scientific knowledge and making possible its sustainable uses and its conservation, since they are considered, under extinguishing threat by the book Flora da Bahia. The species were cultivated in different types of substrates and of luminosity in a delineation entirely randomized (factorial arrangement type 2 2 ). The factor luminosity 80% intervens in the height of the plants of both studied species, promoting bigger height. There was significantly interaction of the substrate x luminosity in the level of 1% in the height of the Physalis angulata plant. About the number of leaves there was interference of the substrate promoting larger number of leaves per plant in the Physalis angulata specie what wasn’t observe in the specie of Anadenanthera colubrina. Key words: Physiology, Angico, Camapú, growth. INTRODUCTION The Brazilian Northeast is the third larger region of Brazil, with 1.548.672 Km 2 and has about 60% (900,000 Km 2 ) recovered by the Bioma Caatinga. Although it is rich in different vegetal formations, it is suffering with the impact human beings activities. The man has degraded the ecosystems and extracted its resources looking for immediate profits. The disordered exploration of the vegetal biodiversity in the Brazil’s Northeast region will bring losses of valuable therapeutical substances and also important genes that codify enzymes of potencial use in the vegetal improvement and biosynthetic studies of new natural products. In this context, the medicinal species of plants Physalis angulata L. and Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan are not only being extracted for Medical purposes but to plant others species with new source of incomes to the northeastern. The P. angulata specie belongs to the Solanaceae family and it is popularly known as mullaca, camapú, bucho-de-rã or juá-de-capote. In the popular medicine, it has been used as anticoagulating, antileucemic, antimutagenic, antiinflammatory, antispasmodic, and its fruits is used as feeding. Besides, the angico A. colubrina specie of the Mimosaceae family is used as tanniniferous, lumber, melliferous, ornamental and medicinal treatment of respiratory illnesses, ulcers and diarrhea. Because of the great importance of these two species, it had been made physiological and agronomic studies, objectifying bigger scientific knowledge and making possible its sustainable uses and its conservation, since they are considered, under extinguishing threat by the book Flora da Bahia. METHOD The species were cultivated in different types of substrates (vegetal land and vegetal land + sand) and luminosity (50% and 80%) in a delineation entirely random (factorial arrangement type 2 2 ). Through 90 days, the plants were evaluated about the growth and characteristics of the vegetative development. They were analyzed about the average height with the aid of a milimetric ruler from the base of the stem to the insertion of the last leaf and the number of leaves. RESULT AND DISCUSSION It is observed in the Figure 1 that in the period of 15 to 60 days after the plants‘ germination under luminosity of 50% they presented larger height in both species. Although there was an inversion in the last Recebido para publicação em agosto/2004 Aceito para publicação em julho/2006 Rev. Bras. Pl. Med., Botucatu, v.8, n.esp., p.201-204, 2006.