SOCIAL TYPES IN POSTCOMMUNIST TRANSITION: REFORM AND MIGRATION ATTITUDES DUMITRU SANDU University of Bucharest The post communist double transition to market economy and democracy1 has both a "hard", institutional component, and a "soft", socio-cultural one. So it implies projecting new institutional forms and creating socio-cultural mechanisms of integrating institutions and behaviours. The cultural models of sustaining institutions may be considered as normative structures - norms, roles etc. - or by reporting them to social agents. In the series of this last perspective we find, too, the one of social types. The post communist transition, in the line of this perspective, also implies a social building process of new social types. Of course, "new" in the given social context and not in the absolute mode. The entrepreneur, the privatised, the politician in a multi-party system, are social types which have an innovation character in the context of post communist transition. And, accordingly, their spreading has, to a large degree, the features of the diffusion of social innovation. The emergence of the n ew social types is an answ er to the specific challenge w hich the societal restructuring form u l a t e s 2. W e are talking, on one hand, about the challenge o f transition objectives defined through market econom y and democracy. On the other hand, the challenge comes from the side of social problems, associated not only with achieving these objectives but also with gaps, tensions and communist period inertia. Trying to follow the process generating of new social types, we started from two attitudes of maximum social relevance: the attitude towards market and democracy, on the one hand, and the attitude towards migration, on the other hand. The m arketisation and dem ocratisation are central processes in the context o f changes induced by the East-European revolutions in 1989. Migration is a total social 1 The phrase “double transition” is already present in the synthesis materials on the analyses of post-communist transition (Centeno, 1994). Of course, democratisation and marketisation are processes of maximum visibility of this transition. It is a question if not useful to in- clude as a distinct third component of the postcommunist transition the change in the allo- cation process: from a politically conditioned alocation, marked by equalitarian ideology, to performance and equity allocation. A whole series of social movements in the former communist societies are basically related to this allocation change. 2 Data collection survey was organised for the research project “Social Atlas of Romania”, direct- ed by Dumitru Sandu at the Center for Urban and Regional Sociology in 1991. For details on the sample see Sandu, De Jong. 1994 ROM. JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY, VI, 1, p. 47-63, 1995, BUCHAREST