Factors Affecting Strategy Use Faraj M Sawani University of Essex PhD Student Quotes from this document must be acknowledged 1. Introduction This essay is mainly concerned with the research carried out to investigate the effect of certain variables that influence the choice and use of language learning strategies (LLSs). After discussing some of the definitions proposed for LLSs, different stages of LLSs research are outlined. Then, the factors which affect LLS use are discussed in some detail. Finally, the conclusion summarises the important points raised in the essay. 2. Definition and Stages of Language Learning Strategies Research Learning strategies have been given various definitions by different researchers. For example, Chamot and Kupper (1989:13) regard LLSs as “techniques which students use to comprehend, store, and remember new information and skills”. Oxford et al (1989:29) define LLSs as “actions, behaviours, steps, or techniques…used by learners to enhance learning”. Oxford (1990:8) considers LLSs as “specific actions taken by the learner to make learning easier, faster, more enjoyable, more self-directed, more effective, and more transferable to new situations”. O’Malley & Chamot (1990: 1) regarded LLS as “special thoughts or behaviours that individuals use to help them comprehend, learn or retain new information”. Of course, other definitions have been suggested by other researchers, but due to the nature of this study which aims at exploring the factors that affect the use of LLS, the researcher will not discuss the various definitions proposed by different researchers. The first stage of LLS research aimed at the identification of strategies is believed to be fundamental to language learning success. During the 1980s researchers mainly focused on the collection of data from learners to identify their use of specific strategies. As a result of this phase of research several classifications and taxonomies of LLS were developed. Bialystok (1979) classified LLS according to the purpose (whether formal or functional) and