Race, Class, and Gender and
Abandoned Dreams
CARL A. GRANT
University of Wisconsin-Madison
CHRISTINE E. SLEETER
University of Wisconsin-Parkside
In 1979, as part of a larger study, we decided to follow longitudinally twenty-
four lower-middle-class junior high school students who were of different ra-
cial backgrounds. We were interested in understanding their school-life and
career-life choices and dreams. We followed (by observation and interview)
these twenty-four students over a seven-year period. This article reports on
their goals and dreams and the culture they generated within the institutions
in which they lived. It also records the failure of the school to help students
achieve their dreams.
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
School plays a major role in the culture students develop. Like the family and
neighborhood, school affects how students understand and pursue their life
chances. It provides an institutional ideology, socializing agents, and an ex-
periential context within which students define and shape the way they think
about their personal dreams. The school context, containing social relations
defined by race, social class, and gender, can produce a student culture in
which young people accept and live out their parents’ place in a stratified so-
ciety, in spite of the school’s espoused mission as equalizer and escalator to
a better life. This happened in our study.
The study examines student culture as it is produced and lived in a partic-
ular community. We wanted to understand why students of color, lower-
class white students, and female students, both white and of color, tend not
to succeedin school and out, and tend to assume subordinate roles in society
in spite of the fact that school is supposed to serve as an equalizer. We did
not assume that schools serve all children equally, since there is abundant evi-
dence that they do not.’ We did believe it would be insufficient to study the
school apart from the lives of students, since students are not passive autom-
atons that are simply molded and shaped. Valli points out that too often, in
Teachers College Record Volume 90, Number 1, Fall 1988
Copyright © by Teachers College, Columbia University
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