ABSTRACT: Grouting is a key element in hydropower construction, as it enhances the long-term
stability of a conduit. Grouting for pressure tunnels and shafts can be grouped into rock mass and
structural grouting operations. Structural grouting refers to either contact grouting focused on a
structural enhancement of the cast concrete lining or to more complex pre-stressing operations,
focusing on coupling of the lining and rock mass. An economical structural grouting system relies
on a continuous realization, with standardized work sequences and cycles, which depends on rock
mass features and the characteristic of structural interface. Typical grouting criteria are not applicable
for structural grouting works, which potentially leading to severe technical, economical, operational
and contractual implications during execution. The characteristic features of the interface in between
the lining and rock mass must be outlined within tender specification for a fair tender process and an
economical operation.
1 INTRODUCTION
Grouting is a key element in hydropower construction with the intention to sustainably restore the
bedding conditions of the lining and to preserve rock mass conditions in the close vicinity of the
conduit over the lifetime of the structure. From a technical point of view, the grouting works can be
separated into rock mass and structural grouting operations. Rock mass grouting seals and
strengthens fractured rock masses. Structural grouting is intended to assure the bearing capacity of
the lining during operation and maintenance. Structural grouting covers inter alia contact grouting
and passive pre-stressing of a concrete lining. In addition, skin grouting and filling operations belong
to the group of structural grouting operations. Contact grouting refers to any filling at low pressure
(< 5 bars) of unintentionally created voids resulting from shaft and tunnel excavation and/or lining
methods (AUA 2003). The intention of the contact grouting is to preserve the long- term bedding
conditions of the lining. Opposed to the passive pre-stressing operations, which focuses in addition
on a long-term coupling of the lining and the substrate. Durable grout is injected into a gap, which
has formed as result of the shrinkage processes. In addition, pre-stressing of a concrete lining by high
pressure grouting allows for the compensation of thermal losses during the filling operation and
creeping processes (Lauffer 1989 and Krenn et. al 2013). The stiffness of the rock mass and concrete,
Operational analyses of pressure tunnel and shaft grouting
operations
Helmut Wannenmacher
Gaia Ground Engineering, Widnau, Switzerland
Andreas Heizmann
Marti Geotechnik GmbH, St. Leon-Rot, Germany
Sewerin Sabew
Marti Geotechnik GmbH, St. Leon-Rot, Germany
EUROCK 2015 & 64
th
Geomechanics Colloquium. Schubert & Kluckner (ed.) © ÖGG