Ther Adv Psychopharmacol
2015, Vol. 5(5) 289–303
DOI: 10.1177/
2045125315598466
© The Author(s), 2015.
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Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology
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Background
In the past two decades we have seen many
advances in the pharmacological treatments avail-
able for mental health patients. At the same time
we have also witnessed the move towards shared
decision making, with patients becoming increas-
ingly involved in decisions concerning their treat-
ment and recovery [Dassori et al. 2003; Mahone,
2008; Slade, 2012].
Despite these advances, the unavoidable issue of
psychotropic medication side effects, some of which
can be intolerable, still remains unresolved. Side
effects are reported as the main reason for nonad-
herence to pharmacological treatment, patients’
negative attitudes towards medication and reduced
quality of life of patients under treatment [Dassori
et al. 2003; Staring et al. 2009]. Nonadherence has
serious consequences in mental health patients
including relapse and rehospitalization, relation-
ship breakdown, loss of housing, loss of employ-
ment, involvement in substance abuse, crime and
suicide [Ascher-Svanum et al. 2008; Yen et al.
2009; Chapman and Horne, 2013]. Many earlier
studies have shown a link between subjective
reporting of side effects and adherence [Van Putten
et al. 1981; Hogan et al. 1983; Naber et al. 1994]
and that patients will often only report side effects
if directly asked [Weiden and Miller, 2001; Yusufi
et al. 2007]. For this reason, there is a need for a
simple patient centred tool that measures the most
bothersome patient perceived medication side
effects that may eventually lead to discontinuation
of treatment.
Development of the My Medicines and Me
(M3Q) side effect questionnaire for mental
health patients: a qualitative study
Deena M. Ashoorian, Rowan M. Davidson, Daniel J. T. Rock, Liza J. Seubert
and Rhonda M. Clifford
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the acceptability, content validity and
usability of the My Medicines and Me (M3Q) self-report side effect questionnaire.
Methods: Eight focus groups consisting of mental health patients, carers, general
practitioners, psychiatrists, mental health nurses and pharmacists were conducted, involving
78 participants. Two researchers independently examined the transcriptions and analysed the
data thematically using an inductive method.
Results: The findings supported changes to the formatting, length and phrasing of questions
in the original version of the questionnaire. Although the groups provided differing views on
the usability of the M3Q in clinical practice, the patient and carer groups were unconditionally
in favour of such a tool to be used systematically to describe patients’ subjective experiences
with side effects.
Conclusion: The differing contribution made by all groups involved in the administration and
completion of the M3Q assisted with content validity of the questionnaire. The acceptability
and usability of this novel side effect questionnaire was also explored, with many participants
agreeing it was a necessary tool for a patient centred approach to treatment. Following
implementation of the changes to the current format of the questionnaire, investigation into
the uptake and use in clinical practice should be carried out.
Keywords: adverse effect, psychotropic medication, subjective experience, tool
Correspondence to:
Deena M. Ashoorian,
BPharm
Pharmacy Program,
School of Medicine and
Pharmacology, The
University of Western
Australia, M315, 35 Stirling
Highway, Crawley, WA
6009, Australia.
deena.ashoorian@uwa.
edu.au
Rowan M. Davidson,
MBBS, MHSci, FRANZCP
North Metropolitan
Health Service Mental
Health, Perth, Australia;
(School of Medicine
and Pharmacology) The
University of Western
Australia, Perth, Australia
Daniel J. T. Rock, PhD
North Metropolitan Health
Service Mental Health,
Perth, Australia; (School
of Psychiatry and Clinical
Neurosciences) (School
of Population Health) The
University of Western
Australia, Perth, Australia
Liza J. Seubert, BPharm
Rhonda M. Clifford, PhD
Pharmacy Program
(School of Medicine and
Pharmacology,) The
University of Western
Australia, Australia
598466TPP 0 0 10.1177/2045125315598466Therapeutic Advances in PsychopharmacologyD. M. Ashoorian et al.
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