1 Running head: REFINING THE CONDITIONS OF GLASS CLIFFS Signaling Change During a Crisis: Refining Conditions for the Glass Cliff Clara Kulich 1 , Fabio Lorenzi-Cioldi 1 , Vincenzo Iacoviello 1 , Klea Faniko 1 , and Michelle K. Ryan 2 1 University of Geneva, Switzerland 2 University of Exeter, U.K. and University of Groningen, The Netherlands. Author Note Correspondence about this article should be addressed to Clara Kulich, Université de Genève, FPSE - Psychologie Sociale, Uni Mail, Boulevard du Pont d'Arve 40, CH-1205 Genève, Switzerland (e-mail: Clara.Kulich@unige.ch). This copy is only for non-commercial and educational use. The copyright is with Elsevier Limited. The original article can be cited as: Kulich, C., Lorenzi-Cioldi, F., Iacoviello, V., Faniko, K., & Ryan, M. K. (2015). Signaling change during a crisis: Refining conditions for the glass cliff. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 61, 96-103. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2015.07.002