Rend. Online Soc. Geol. It., Vol. 21 (2012), pp. 889-890.
© Società Geologica Italiana, Roma 2012
889
Key words: Lower Messinian turbidite systems, facies
association, architectural style, channel, channel-lobe
transition deposits, Laga Basin, central Apennine.
INTRODUCTION AND GEOLOGICAL SETTING
Turbidite channels represent the main ways through which
gravity flows transport large volumes of sand and mud in deep-
water basins. Most of researchers carried out in the last years
have been addressed to define mechanisms of formation and
filling of sinuous channels typical of fine-grained mud-rich
turbidite systems, while little is known about mode of
formation and filling of the channels developed in coarse-
grained sand-rich turbidite systems. The data presented here
want to contribute to better define the main features of the
channels developed in coarse-grained sand-rich turbidite
systems as those occurring within the Laga Basin (central
Apennine, Italy). Our analysis is based on field data and on the
measure of several stratigraphic-sedimentological sections for a
total thickness of about 13,000 m. The aim is to describe the
channelform geometry and the channel hierarchy, the mode of
their formation and filling, and how the features of channel
deposits vary from up- to downstream along the depositional
profile. The lower Messinian Laga turbidite basin developed
since the late Tortonian, when the ensuing propagation of the
Apennine compressive thrust-front led to the progressive
fragmentation, reorganization and closure of the Marnoso-
arenacea foreland basin system. Causing this the Laga Basin
shows the typical features of a confined basin where thrust
propagation controlled shape, dimension, and topography of
the basin as well as the geometry of the deposits and resulting
facies.
STRATIGRAPHIC AND SEDIMENTOLOGICAL DATA
The turbidite deposits of Laga Basin constitute a turbidite
complex forming a third-order composite depositional
sequence (Laga Depositional Sequence, LDS) made up of
several turbidite systems in which it is possible to recognize,
from up to down current (i.e., from NW to SE) a channel
complex zone, a channel-lobe transition zone, and a lobe zone.
Facies analysis allowed to construct two possible facies tracts
showing the genetic relationships among channel, channel-lobe
transition, and lobe zones. These facies tracts highlight the
close physical relationships among these three zones and allow,
together with others stratigraphic and sedimentological
considerations, to attribute the turbidite depositional systems of
LDS to type II systems by MUTTI (1992).
Channelized deposits of LDS form a complex hierarchy of
sandstone bodies reflecting deposition of turbidity currents at
different spatial and temporal scales. Field analysis based on
the measure of several stratigraphic-sedimentological sections
and detailed correlation panels, allowed to recognize several
facies and a channelform hierarchy ranging from single
channels, composite channels, and channel complexes. The
surfaces bounding the single channels represent diachronous
surfaces forming through the passage of several turbidite
currents. On the other hand, surfaces bounding composite
channels and channel complexes represent the envelopment of
several erosional surfaces formed by the migration of single
channels. Single channel exhibit facies change from channel
axis to channel margin, and a vertical stack of often
amalgamated bedsets formed through the migration of 3D
bedforms. Ripples and dunes document the movement of
sediment bedload and constitute the building blocks of
compound and composite dune, approximately from 1 to 3-4
meters thick and several tens of meters long. The life of a
single channel is mainly dependent on its stability in a given
sector of the fan, a factor that is strongly influenced by the
interaction between flows and topography. This interaction can
lead to avulsion processes enabling migration of the single
channels and the formation of composite channels. Finally,
channel complexes represent the channelized sectors of the
turbidite systems and are internally characterized by a
hierarchy of channel bodies reflecting i) the lateral migration of
composite channels driven by avulsion, and ii) the back-filling
processes of the system. Unlike for single and composite
channels, such mechanisms are under the control of allocyclic
factors, such as climate and tectonics, which in turn control the
variations in sediment supply. The plan geometry
reconstruction of single channels indicates for these
architectural elements a funnel-shape geometry, having a
narrower section upstream and a wider section downstream, a
Architectural style and facies distribution of channel and channel-
lobe transition zone in the Lower Messinian turbidite systems of
Laga Basin (central Apennines, Italy)
DOMENICO CANNATA (*), SALVATORE MILLI (*) & MASSIMILIANO MOSCATELLI (**)
_________________________
(*) Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, SAPIENZA Università di Roma,
domenico.cannata@uniroma1.it; salvatore.milli@uniroma1.it.
(**) Istituto di Geologia Ambientale e Geoingegneria, CNR,
massimiliano.moscatelli@igag.cnr.it.