Accepted Article This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12383 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Article Type: Randomized Clinical Trial Soft tissue regrowth following Fiber Retention Osseous Resective Surgery or Osseous Resective Surgery. A multilevel analysis. Francesco Cairo 1 , Gianfranco Carnevale 2 , Jacopo Buti 3 , Michele Nieri 1 , Jana Mervelt 1 , Paolo Tonelli 4 , Gabriella Pagavino 5 and Maurizio Tonetti 6 . 1 Section of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Florence, Italy, 2 Private Practice, Rome, Italy; 3 Section of Periodontology, University of Manchester, U.K. 4 Section of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Florence, Italy, 4 Section of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Florence, Italy, 5 European Research Group on Periodontology (ERGOPerio), Genova, Italy. Correspondence to: Dr. Francesco Cairo, via fra’ Giovanni Angelico 51, 50121- Firenze (Italy). E-mail: cairofrancesco@virgilio.it Conflict of interest: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest concerning the contents of the study. Key words: fiber retention osseous resective surgery, gingival recession, soft tissue, periodontal disease, treatment. Source of Funding: The study was self-funded by the authors and their institution Running title: Soft tissue regrowth after resective surgery ABSTRACT Background: The aim of this study was to assess soft tissue regrowth following Fiber Retention Osseous Resective Surgery (FibReORS) or Osseous Resective Surgery (ORS) over a 12-month healing period.