Introduction
Mixed martial arts (MMA) is becoming an increasingly
popular combat sport in which participants use a series of
kicks, punches and grappling manoeuvres to overcome their
opponents [1,2]. However, despite its growing popularity there
remains a lack of research regarding the training methods
and the efficacy of these methods for the competitors [3,4].
Several studies have attempted to design training protocols
for MMA based on laboratory test results and comparisons of
the movement requirements to other sports [5,6,7]. However,
there is relatively little peer reviewed data available from field
based testing regarding the movement intensity of MMA [8,9,
10] and none comparing the differing intensities of training
movements to in-competition movements. It has been argued
that individual sports need to have their own training methods
and modalities to ensure success and basing these on differ-
ent sports could be a mistake [11,12]. To this end, it is impor-
tant that the intensities of different movements of MMA train-
ing and competition are measured and compared to ensure
training protocols can be accurately described and assigned
to ensure optimal athlete preparation, monitoring of fatigue
and injury minimisation [13,14].
Wearable accelerometry has been used to quantify the in-
competition intensities of several sports [15,16,10] as well as
the effects of different training intensities on performance [17,
18,19]. These systems use triaxial accelerometers to determine
the magnitude of accelerations in three cardinal planes [20,21]
and their reliability has been previously reported under both lab-
oratory and field conditions [20,22,23]. Accelerometers have
also been found to be reliable in the assessment of MMA spe-
cific movements (CV = 2.4% - 7.8%, ICC = .700 – 970) [24].
Therefore, the aim of this study was to record and compare
the intensities of different MMA specific movements in training
and sparring to determine if any differences exist between
training and competition.
1
Comparison of the Training Loads of Mixed
Martial Arts Techniques in Isolated Training
and Open Sparring
Christopher Kirk
1(A,B,C,D)
, Howard T Hurst
2(A,C)
, Stephen Atkins
2(A)
Key words: MMA; training intensity; accelerometry; playerload; combat sports
Summary
Background. Body worn accelerometry has been shown to be reliable in measuring training Intensity in several sports includ-
ing MMA and has been used to assign training intensity in sports such as football and rugby, but not in MMA.
Material and methods. Eight male MMA trained participants (age 25.5 ± 4.5 yrs) were equipped with a Catapult Minimax x3
accelerometer between the T3 and T4 vertebrae and completed a series of MMA specific movements in isolation and a MMA
sparring bout each (3 x 5 minute rounds). Mean playerload was recorded for each isolated movement and the equivalent move-
ments in the sparring bouts.
Results. Paired sample t tests (p≤ 0.05) found that jabs, crosses and left hooks had significantly higher playerload in isola-
tion that in sparring, single leg takedowns have higher playerload than double leg takedowns in isolation but not in sparring, whilst
takedowns cause significantly greater playerload than strikes in both isolation and sparring according to one way ANOVA (p≤
0.05). It was also found that there is no difference in playerload between an unsuccessful takedown and a successful takedown
in sparring, either for the offensive participant or the defensive participant.
Conclusions. These results demonstrate the differences in movements in MMA can be used to more accurately prescribe
training intensity.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Journal of Combat Sports and Martial Arts
© MEDSPORTPRESS, 2015; 1(2); Vol. 6, 1-6
DOI: