ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF METALLIC THIN FILMS:
2D SYNCHROTRON XRD ANALYSIS DURING IN SITU TENSILE
TESTING
G. Geandier,
1
P.-O. Renault,
1
S. Teat,
2
P. Goudeau,
1
and E. Le Bourhis
1
1
LMP-UMR 6630 CNRS, Université de Poitiers, SP2MI, Boulevard Marie et Pierre Curie,
BP30179, 86962 Futuroscope Chasseneuil, France
2
ALS–LBNL, 1 Cyclotron Road, Mail Stop 2-400, Berkeley, California 94720
ABSTRACT
Elastic behavior of thin films studied from in situ loading of the specimen during X-ray
diffraction on a synchrotron source is presented. Model nanometric multilayer W/Au systems
exhibiting different microstructures were analyzed. These films are supported by a (thin)
polyimide substrate. X-ray diffraction in transmission geometry was used to study the
deformations of both phases as a function of applied load. This geometry was developed with the
aim of optimizing experiment time. Using 2D detectors and dynamical loading, measuring time
is reduced considerably, down to a few hours compared to a one-week experiment in a
laboratory. Furthermore, the in-plane strain state is measured in all directions with great
precision.
INTRODUCTION
Understanding the mechanical behavior of nanostructured thin films in relation to their
microstructure, in particular to the grain size, is of high importance for the development of
technological applications. For a few years, there has been increasing interest in the elastic
properties of thin films [1–4]. Literature data seem to show that the elastic behavior of metallic
thin films can differ significantly from their bulk counterparts because of their specific
microstructure (texture, defects, high density of interface, and interface mixing) and of size
effects (i.e. period thickness) [5–8]. Studying and tailoring the size effect on elastic constants of
polycrystalline thin films require controlling the nanostructure (grain size, residual stresses, and
texture). One way to control grain size along one direction at nanometric scales is to prepare
multilayers.
Elastic behavior of supported thin films can be determined by combining tensile test [9–11] or
four point bending [12–14] and X-ray diffraction (XRD). XRD is phase selective and therefore a
unique technique that allows determination of both the mechanical and microstructural states of
the diffracting phases. This technique can be used to study how the elastic constants are affected
by the period thickness independently of the multilayer components. The main disadvantage of
the XRD technique is that the X-ray measurements are time consuming for thin multilayers (as
the diffracting volume is quite small) even for high-flux synchrotron radiation sources.
The aim of this paper is to show how the elastic behavior of multilayers can be studied from the
in situ loading of the specimen during the X-ray diffraction experiment. We report a tensile test
study of W/Au multilayers films deposited on kapton substrate. As the X-ray strain
169 Copyright ©JCPDS-International Centre for Diffraction Data 2008 ISSN 1097-0002