Balancing and Bandwagoning in Canada-US Relations JUSTIN MASSIE Have Canada-US relations changed since 9/11? This chapter examines the evolution of the Canadian government’s international security policy strategy toward the United States. It does so by using the increasingly pop- ular concepts of “son” and “hard” bandwagoning and balancing to make sense of states’ post–Cold War security behaviour vis-à-vis the United States. It argues that hard bandwagoning has gained prominence under the Harper government, and has the potential to supplant the traditional twin pillars of Canada’s security policy: continental son bandwagoning and transatlantic son balancing. 1 The shin appears less to illustrate a prag- matic adjustment to the continental and international security environ- ments since 9/11 than to refect a neoconservative ideology underpinning the Harper government’s foreign policy. Balancing and Bandwagoning Faced with the absence of a counterbalancing force to the United States’ power in the decade following the end of the Cold War, neorealists abro- gated their research paradigm to make it et with reality. 2 Some destruc- turalized neorealism by emphasizing the importance of domestic (public opinion, legislative system, etc.) and ideational (ideology, identity, culture, etc.) determinants of foreign policy to help explain the unexpected fact Toward Greater Opportunism 3