International Journal of Agricultural Policy and Research Vol.2 (12), pp. 475-483, December 2014
Available online at http://www.journalissues.org/IJAPR/
http://dx.doi.org/10.15739/IJAPR.020
© 2014 Journal Issues ISSN 2350-1561
Original Research Article
Bioenergy potential of shrub from native species of
northeastern Mexico
21st November, 2014
1*
Maginot Ngangyo Heya,
1
Foroughbakhch Rahim
Pournavab,
2
Carrillo_Parra Artemio
and
2
Colin Urieta Serafin
1
Department of Botany, Faculty
of Biological Sciences, University
Autonomous of Nuevo León,
University Town, San Nicolás de
los Garza, Mexico.
2
Laboratory of Wood
Technology, Faculty of Forestry
Sciences, University Autonomous
of Nuevo León, Linares, Mexico.
Tel. (+521) 8120340601
* Corresponding Author
E-mail: nheyamaginot@yahoo.fr
The potential contribution of bioenergy in the global energy system is 17% -
36% of primary energy consumption. To avoid a warming higher than 2 Â °C
by 2050, it is estimated that biomass should provide 60% of total renewable
energy consumption. This requires amplification in efficient alternatives of
energy production from renewable sources. In Mexico there is a great
potential of biomass resources to produce biofuels, in which the wood is
54% with low contribution of forest plantations. The need to give greater
value to forest plantations with native species is urgent in elaborating
prospects for bioenergy development. In this sense, was determined the
production and quality of charcoal of five native species of Tamaulipan thorn
scrub, Acacia berlandieri, Havardia pallens, Helietta parvifolia, Ebenopsis
ebano and Acacia wrightii. Analyzes conducted to define the quality of
charcoal sampled referred to their yield, percentages of moisture content,
ash, volatile material and fixed carbon of each species, based on
international standards. It was found that the yield of charcoal was from 20
to 30%, corresponding to branches of A. berlandieri and trunk of A. wrightii,
respectively. The percentages of moisture content, volatile material, ash and
fixed carbon presented ranges of 4.25 to 4.9%, 12.29 to 22.28%, 1.68 to
6.49% and 68.26 to 81.34%. The average calorific value was 30 000 kJ kg
-1
,
consistent with the requirement for use for energy purposes.
Key words. Bioenergetics, charcoal, timber species, thorn scrub
INTRODUCTION
From biomass, it is obtained bioenergy derived from solid
biofuels such as wood, charcoal, agricultural residues,
forest residues, pellets and briquettes; liquid biofuels such
as bioethanol and biodiesel; and gaseous biofuels such as
biogas (González, 2009). These biofuels replace part of the
consumption of traditional fossil fuels and also have the
advantage of being renewable and having a low impact on
environmental degradation (Inter-American Development
Bank, 2008).
Firewood and other wood products are widely used
worldwide, as they are considered a modern and clean way
to generate energy (Patiño and Smith, 2008). 50% of the
planet's population uses biofuel for heat (Wu et al., 2011).
The forest harvesting in Mexico produces about eight
million cubic meters of wood (Carrillo, 2013), from which
various products are obtained, including: the sawn wood
with 71.75% pulp, veneer and plywood, poles, sleepers,
firewood and charcoal provide the remaining 28.25%
(INEGI, 2013). These last two represent the third place in
volume of extraction, with 9.9% (SEMARNAT, 2007).
During forest production and mechanical wood processing
as the exploitation in plantations, large volumes of waste
are generated, that are not used often. These residues can
be generated in the short end or during silvicultural
practices and are an important part of the structure of
production costs, which absorbs high extraction costs and
transportation.
The charcoal production is an opportunity for the
recovery of waste, not only of the processing industry of
wood but also for the waste generated by silvicultural