Available online at www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Pelagia Research Library Advances in Applied Science Research, 2013, 4(2):309-314 ISSN: 0976-8610 CODEN (USA): AASRFC 309 Pelagia Research Library Establishing genetic diversity among indigenous cultivated and wild rice species of Manipur using isozyme analysis Medhabati K 1 , Kh. Nongalleima 1 , Rajiv Das K 2 and Sunitibala H. 1 1 Medicinal Plants and Horticultural Resources Division, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Takyelpat, Imphal, India 2 Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT Isozyme studies provide preliminary indications that genetic variation may be differently apportioned in some crops compared to their wild relatives. The present investigation was undertaken to study the Isozyme banding patterns and its inheritance in rice with an aim to establish the genetic diversity among the 9 cultivated and wild rice species of Manipur. The indigenous rice collections were subjected to analysis of Isozyme polymorphism at three loci by Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Zymograms of all the tested enzyme system (esterase, alcohol dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase) were then constructed, genetic relationships between the nine varieties on the number of loci at which Isozyme pattern differs were determined. In all the enzyme systems studied, only one zone of isozymatic activity defined by the degree of mobility could be observed. Maximum number of bands was observed in Taothabi and Wainuchara (O. rufipogon) local collection I in comparison to other germplasms, the number of bands varied from 1-2. The relationship between these germplasms had been assessed from electrophoresis data and it was observed that Taothabi and Wainuchara i.e., O. rufipogon local collection I showed close relationship in comparison to other germplasms. There is possibility to identify rice species or cultivars available in Manipur using Isozyme analysis and obtain first hand information regarding variability of rice germplasms and also to trace the phylogenetic relationship between the indigenous rice varieties and their wild progenitors. Keywords: Isozyme, Oryza sativa, genetic marker, Zymogram, Relationship, Manipur _____________________________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION Rice (Oryza sativa Linn) belonging to Gramineae (Poaceae), is one of the major staple food crop of the world. Manipur, a north eastern state of India bordering Myanmar, has a large variability of indigenous rice germplasms which range their adaptation from low lying lake areas to rain fed uplands of Manipur hills. The local rice germplasms have many desirable characters e.g. tolerance to cold temperature and drought conditions, adaptability to local environment such as low light intensity, various soil nutrient deficiencies, low organic contents etc. Biochemical techniques such as Isozyme analysis can ideally be used as genetic marker. Isozyme are variant molecular forms of the same gene family that are responsible for governing the same character and usually exhibit co-dominant segregation patterns since allelic expression of Isozyme’s are usually co-dominant and free from epistatic difference in each allelic expression product can be easily traced as mobility difference which is independent of functional role, less susceptible to phenocopy responses and modification by environmental varieties. Rice varieties have received careful study [1]. Second [2,3] combining information from Isozyme’s, biogeography and hybridization study proposed a model for evolution of cultivated rice. Chu [4] studied the variation in