REPRODUCIBILITY OF AN INCREMENTAL TREADMILL
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2
MAX TEST WITH GAS EXCHANGE ANALYSIS FOR
RUNNERS
THIAGO FERNANDO LOURENC xO,
1
LUIZ EDUARDO BARRETO MARTINS,
2
LUCAS SAMUEL TESSUTTI,
1
RENE BRENZIKOFER,
3
AND DENISE VAZ MACEDO
1
1
Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry (LABEX), Biochemistry Department, Biology Institute, State University of
Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil;
2
Laboratory of Instrumentation for Physiology,
Faculty of Physical Education (FEF), State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Sa˜o Paulo,
Brazil; and
3
Laboratory of Instrumentation for Biomechanics (LIB), Faculty of Physical Education (FEF),
State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil
ABSTRACT
Lourenc xo, TF, Martins, LEB, Tessutti, LS, Brenzikofer, R, and
Vaz Macedo, D. Reproducibility of an incremental treadmill
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2
max test with gas exchange analysis for runners. J Strength
Cond Res 25(7): 1994–1999, 2011—The evaluation of perfor-
mance through the application of adequate physical tests
during a sportive season may be a useful tool to evaluate
training adaptations and determine training intensities. For
runners, treadmill incremental
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VO
2
max tests with gas exchange
analysis have been widely used to determine maximal and
submaximal parameters such as the ventilatory threshold (VT)
and respiratory compensation point (RCP) running speed.
However, these tests often differ in methodological character-
istics (e.g., stage duration, grade, and speed increment size),
and few studies have examined the reproducibility of their
protocol. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify the
reproducibility and determine the running speeds related to
maximal and submaximal parameters of a specific incremental
maximum effort treadmill protocol for amateur runners. Eleven
amateur male runners underwent 4 repetitions of the protocol
(25-second stages, each increasing by 0.3 kmÁh
21
in running
speed while the treadmill grade remained fixed at 1%) after
3 minutes of warm-up at 8–8.5 kmÁh
21
. We found no significant
differences in any of the analyzed parameters, including VT,
RCP, and
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2
max during the 4 repetitions (p . 0.05). Further,
the results related to running speed showed high within-subject
reproducibility (coefficient of variation , 5.2%). The typical
error (TE) values for running speed related to VT (TE = 0.62
kmÁh
21
), RCP (TE = 0.35 kmÁh
21
), and
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max (TE = 0.43
kmÁh
21
) indicated high sensitivity and reproducibility of this
protocol. We conclude that this
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2
max protocol facilitates
a clear determination of the running speeds related to VT, RCP,
and
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max and has the potential to enable the evaluation of
small training effects on maximal and submaximal parameters.
KEY WORDS ventilatory threshold, respiratory compensation
point, physical evaluation, maximal effort protocol, running
INTRODUCTION
T
he main adaptation to endurance training is an
increased oxidative capacity because of mitochon-
drial biogenesis and increased fatty acid use as fuel
(13). Evaluating performance through the applica-
tion of adequate physical tests during a sportive season may be
a useful tool to indirectly evaluate these training adaptations
and also for the prescription of training intensities (11).
Treadmill incremental
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2
max tests with gas exchange
analysis have been widely used during training programs
for runners to evaluate program effects and to determine
target intensities. However, these tests often differ in their
methodological characteristics, such as stage duration, grade,
and speed increment size (1,2,10,20,23). Even with the
availability of treadmills with computational speed control,
classical protocols using grade variations to adjust exercise
intensity during tests are still commonly used and can hinder
the practical application of laboratory information (20).
To be applicable for runners, a
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2
max test protocol should
approximate actual training and outdoor race conditions to
unequivocally determine maximal (and also submaximal)
parameters such as the ventilatory threshold (VT) and
respiratory compensation point (RCP). Determining the
speeds related to these parameters facilitates the definition of
3 exercise intensity domains for training prescription:
moderate (below VT), heavy (between VT and RCP), and
severe (above RCP) (2,20,25). Previous studies have shown
that speeds related to VT (sVT) and
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2
max (s
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max) can
Address correspondence to Denise V. de Macedo, labex@unicamp.br.
25(7)/1994–1999
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
Ó 2011 National Strength and Conditioning Association
1994 Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
the TM
Copyright © National Strength and Conditioning Association Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.