Design Perspectives of Intelligent Tutoring System Rejaul Karim Barbhuiya, Khurram Mustafa, and Suraiya Jabin Department of Computer Science Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University) Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, India rejaul.jmi@gmail.com, kmustafa@jmi.ac.in, sjabin.cs@jmi.ac.in Abstract. Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs) have come a long way, since their inception decades ago. Its prospects have revolutionized e- Learning, curriculum instructions and workplace training. The field has witnessed significant developments towards many possible directions and as a result, numerous ITSs have been developed to date. Recent tutoring systems have moved from research labs to classrooms [1]. However, it is still a costly affair and lacks established standards. Human learning phenomena are very complex and itself is an ongoing research activity right through the history of mankind. This paper attempts to identify some key instructional/learning aspects that must be addressed while designing a successful tutoring system. In this regard, we have reviewed some of the well-known ITS design principles and report an analysis of their success in modelling the learning/instructional ingredients. Keywords: Intelligent Tutoring System, Student Modelling, Domain Knowledge, Learning ingredients, Emotion, ICAI 1 Introduction Given a rich intellectual history of decades, ITSs have already drawn the at- tention, funding, and research largely from disciplines such as computer science (AI), psychology (cognition) and education and training. Starting from the early days of Computer Aided Instruction (CAI), the field has come across a great success and the recent tutoring systems have claimed to achieve success in real world applications as well. However, their success is still limited mainly because it takes a lot of development time (generally 200 hours of development time for one hour of teaching/instructions) and thus many researchers even describe the ITS development as notoriously costly. Any software having some degree of intelligent behaviour and used for the purpose of addressing individualized learning/instruction to a considerable ex- tent is referred to as ITS or ICAI. However, human learning is a very complex phenomenon and is being investigated through the lenses of psychologists, psy- chiatrists, educationist, cognitive scientist and various others. Thus, the success of a tutoring system depends heavily on our ability to understand and model