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http://spider.apa.org/ftdocs/abn/1999/november/abn1084567.html 9/15/2000
Cognitive Styles and Life Events Interact to Predict Bipolar and Unipolar
Symptomatology
Noreen A. Reilly-Harrington
Department of Psychiatry
Lauren B. Alloy
Department of Psychology Temple University
David M. Fresco
Department of Psychology Temple University
Wayne G. Whitehouse
Department of Psychology Temple University
ABSTRACT
This study examined the interaction of cognitive style (as assessed self-report and
information-processing battery) and stressful life events in predicting the clinician-rated
depressive and manic symptomatology of participants with Research Diagnostic Criteria
lifetime diagnoses of bipolar disorder ( n = 49), unipolar depression ( n = 97), or no
lifetime diagnosis ( n = 23). Bipolar and unipolar participants' attributional styles,
dysfunctional attitudes, and negative self-referent information processing as assessed at
Time 1 interacted significantly with the number of negative life events that occurred
between Times 1 and 2 to predict increases in depressive symptoms from Time 1 to Time
2. Within the bipolar group, participants' Time 1 attributional styles and dysfunctional
attitudes interacted significantly, and their self-referent information processing interacted
marginally, with intervening life events to predict increases in manic symptoms from
Time 1 to Time 2. These findings provide support for the applicability of cognitive
vulnerability—stress theories of depression to bipolar spectrum disorders.
Guest Editors' Note. Jacqueline B. Persons served as the action editor for this article.–DJM/LBA
The research reported in this article was supported by a grant from the John D. and Catherine T.
MacArthur Foundation. Data analyses and manuscript preparation were supported by National
Institute for Mental Health Grants 48216 and 52617. This article is based on a dissertation submitted
to Temple University by Noreen A. Reilly-Harrington under the direction of Lauren B. Alloy. We
thank the other members of the dissertation committee, Donald Hantula, Richard Heimberg, Philip
Kendall, Cory Newman, and Gary Sachs, for their valuable feedback and assistance. We also express
our appreciation to the following individuals who served as interviewers for the study or provided
technical assistance: Caroline Clements, Judith Cronholm, Shirley Hartlage, Kelly Kelly, Linda
Koenig, Greg Kolden, Gary Marshall, Robert Musson, Sharon Siegel Fedderly, Carolyn Tal, and
Jeanne Zechmeister.
Correspondence may be addressed to Noreen A. Reilly-Harrington, Harvard Bipolar Research
Program, 50 Staniford Street, Suite 580, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114-3117.
Electronic mail may be sent to nhreilly@partners.org
Received: August 12, 1998
Revised: March 8, 1999
Accepted: March 8, 1999
Journal of Abnormal Psychology © 1999 by the American Psychological Association
November 1999 Vol. 108, No. 4, 567 -578 For personal use only--not for distribution.