American Journal of Tourism Management 2014, 3(1B): 10-19
DOI: 10.5923/s.tourism.201402.02
Balkan Dissonant Heritage Narratives (and Their
Attractiveness) for Tourism
Milena Dragićević Šešić
*
, Ljiljana Rogač Mijatović
Institute for Theatre, Film, Radio and Television, Faculty of Dramatic Arts, University of Arts in Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
Abstract The paper deals with the question of scientific and practical treatment of dissonant cultural heritage in the
Balkan region and the way in which this heritage can be used for the development of tourism in the region. Cultural heritage
is often seen as an important factor in explaining the post-socialist landscape of the Balkans. In terms of symbolic
geography, the Balkans has been and still remains inserted in the long standing binary oppositions East - West, Europe -
Asia, Christianity - Islam, Centre - Periphery, etc. These are in variations present also in travel writing through the
dominant negative label of Western travel accounts. In investigating the historical heritage of the Balkans and its dissonant
narratives, we put focus on those that left the deepest imprint on the region's multilayered identity: the Byzantine, the
Ottoman and the communist / socialist. The main question put in this research is: How “dissonant heritage” of the Balkans
together with its stigmatized image and identity can be interpreted for tourism? This research is done from an
interdisciplinary interpretative approach, using a combination of methods such as narrative and discourse analyses. The
research shows that Balkan discourse provides a full range of dissonant heritage narratives that can be used in creating
tourism routes and narratives and it suggests the possibilities in order to overcome problems of conflicting interpretation of
common cultural heritage.
Keywords Dissonant heritage, Narrative, The Balkans, Culture of memory, Tourism
1. Introduction
Cultural heritage is often seen as an important factor in
explaining the post-socialist landscape of the Balkans. The
destruction of socialist identity and common heritage, as
well as inventing new traditions and interpretations of the
past is a part of the general process of political, economic and
cultural transition together with processes of European
integration of the region. As the consequence of discrepant
historical contexts as well as Western symbolic geography,
the image of the Balkans has remained full of dichotomies –
it is a misread, forgotten and isolated region, the “other”
rejected Europe, the periphery – and it is adorned as an
incredible phantasm of the Orient with passion, colours and
emotions.
Heritage itself is not a relic of the past but an increasingly
instrumental field in steering sustainable development and
the well-being of communities, very often through tourism.
Tourism is a phenomenon of great importance in the
globalizing world – not only because it runs on the patterns
of global economies, but also that it produces an interest in
the specific experience, artefacts and narratives in local
* Corresponding author:
msesic@gmail.com (Milena Dragićević Šešić)
Published online at http://journal.sapub.org/tourism
Copyright © 2014 Scientific & Academic Publishing. All Rights Reserved
contexts.
Aim and relevance of the research. This research is done
starting from the thesis that it is very important for social and
cultural development of the countries in the Balkan region,
especially for the development of tourism, not to conceal any
of the conflicting interpretations of heritage which is
disputed, but, on the contrary, to use dissonant heritage with
all its complexities and ambiguities in order for it to become
a very important asset in the development of tourism. This is
particularly important, bearing in mind that tourism is at the
same time globalizing and localizing (in the case of the
Balkans “orientalizing”) national identities or “nation brand”
products of different tourist destinations. Core questions in
this context are: How “dissonant heritage”, “rejected
heritage” or even “dark heritage” of the Balkans together
with its stigmatized image and identity can be interpreted for
tourism? What kind of common narratives and tourist routes
can be produced out of cultural heritage and cultural memory
in order to create a joint tourist product of the Balkans? In
this sense, we are not dealing to a larger extent with the
notions of the Balkans as “the other” in relation to Europe,
but putting in focus the heritage which is “dissonant”,
contested or forgotten and which has a significant potential
importance for tourism development in the region as a
whole.
Research methods and outcomes. This research is done
from an interdisciplinary interpretative approach. We have