International Journal of Art and Art History
June 2015, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 63-82
ISSN: 2374-2321 (Print), 2374-233X (Online)
Copyright © The Author(s). All Rights Reserved.
Published by American Research Institute for Policy Development
DOI: 10.15640/ijaah.v3n1p3
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15640/ijaah.v3n1p3
The Spirituality of Carnival: Using Yoruba Cosmology to Read the Dragon
Can’t Dance
Dr. Kela Nnarka Francis
1
For anyone who has experienced Trinidad and Tobago carnival, whether
festooned in beads and feathers, baptized in mud, oil, or paint; or simply feting on the
sidelines, the claim that this festival is more than a spectacle, display, or escape is
easily understandable. There is indeed power in this mass congregation of revelry—
both political and spiritual. In literary criticism, in academia at large, the focus is
usually on the political power of carnival, its effect on class struggles and racist
hegemonic paradigms. However, while the political power of carnival is important to
note, equally important (but not as frequently explored) is the spiritual power of
carnival. E ven when attention is focused on the spiritual nature of carnival it is usually
skewed through a Judeo-Christian binary of pious versus profane, Christian behavior
versus devilry. This is partly due to the reigning epistemology of many tertiary
institutions, an occidental proclivity for creating categories with rigid boundaries. Yet
it is possible to investigate carnival spirituality from a different perspective, especially
when one considers the presence and participation of Africans in the evolution of
carnival and carnival arts.
Hollis “Chalkdust” Liverpool discusses the African ancestry of Trinidad
carnival, stating that:
Mas making and masquerading are traditions found all over Africa as
interlocking aspects of most celebrations. Masking suggests spirit-associated
transformations whereby the wearers cancel or obliterate their personalities by
changing into other human characters and supernatural spirits so they are no longer
themselves. (33)
1
Independent Scholar, Trinidad and Tobago