           !"# $ %  &  ’(() * "+ TWO NEW COMBINATIONS IN BACCHARIS (ASTERACEAE: ASTEREAE) GUSTAVO HEIDEN Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências Universidade de São Paulo Rua do Matão, Travessa 14, 321 São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil gustavo.heiden@gmail.com ABSTRACT The newly proposed genus Lanugothamnus Deble is considered a synonym of Baccharis, since phylogenetic data strongly support the monophyly of Baccharis sensu lato and reject the current circumscription of Baccharis subg. Tarchonanthoides, on which the circumscription of the new genus is based. Two new combinations are proposed: Baccharis anabelae (Deble) G. Heiden and Baccharis pluricapitulata (Deble) G. Heiden, based on taxa originally described in Lanugothamnus. KEY WORDS: Baccharidinae, Compositae, new combinations, nomenclature Baccharis L. comprises between 338 and 400 species occurring from the USA to southern Argentina and Chile (Bremer 1994; Müller 2006) and is characterized by the usually tufted indumentum of the leaves and stems and the common occurrence of dioecy (Müller 2006). Heering (1904) published the first subgeneric classification of Baccharis and included the subgenera Baccharis, Molina (Pers.) Heering, Pteronioides Heering, Stephananthus Heering, and Tarchonanthoides Heering. The genus has been subject of recent alterations in its circumscription. Hellwig (1993) proposed segregate Neomolina F.H. Hellw. and Pingraea Cass. from Baccharis and suggested that the species he included in the informal group “Lanugobaccharis” should be considered equivalent to a genus as well. On the other hand, broader circumscriptions of Baccharis were proposed by Nesom (1988) and Müller (2006) with the merging of monoecious (Baccharidastrum Cabrera), gynodioecious (Heterothalamus Less.), and polygamous taxa (Baccharidiopsis G.M. Barroso). The most recent proposal for subgeneric classification of Baccharis was published by Müller (2006), who assumed as starting point the infrageneric taxa of Nesom (1990) and the genera segregated by Hellwig (1993), accepting four out of five subgenera established by Heering (1904). In his scheme, Müller (2006) accepted the subgenera Baccharis, Molina, Pteronioides, and Tarchonanthoides. Müller (2006) considered Baccharis subg. Tarchonanthoides as the most consistently circumscribed subgenus of Baccharis and Heiden and Pirani (2012a, b) published a new species and taxonomic synopsis for the subgenus. Deble (2012) segregated Baccharis subg. Tarchonanthoides sensu Müller (2006) into the new genus Lanugothamnus Deble, proposing 19 new combinations and describing two new species. A phylogenetic analysis of Baccharis focusing on the subgenus Tarchonanthoides (Heiden et al., ined.), sampling 22 of the 23 species accepted in this taxon as circumscribed morphologically by Müller (2006), strongly supports the monophyly of Baccharis sensu lato, i.e. including Baccharidastrum, Baccharidiopsis, Heterothalamus, Neomolina, Pingraea and Lanugothamnus. However, Baccharis subgen. Tarchonanthoides as proposed by Müller (2006), and consequently Lanugothamnus as published by Deble (2012) is polyphyletic, since the characters used to circumscribe the new genus, such as the absence of the tufted indumentum common to most of the Baccharis species and other uncorrelated characters, as the pistilodium