JW: Gender & Reading Draft 15 1 27th February 2004 This is an electronic version of an article published in the Journal of the American Medical Association. Rutter M, Caspi A, Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Goodman R, Maughan B, Moffitt, TE, Carroll J. Gender differences in reading difficulties: Findings from four epidemiology studies. Journal of the American Medical Association, 2004; 291: 2007-2012. Gender Differences in Developmental Reading Disability: New Findings from Four Epidemiological Studies Michael Rutter 1 , Avshalom Caspi 1 , David Fergusson 2 , L. John Horwood 2 , Robert Goodman 3 , Barbara Maughan 1 , Terrie E. Moffitt 1 , Howard Meltzer 4 & Julia Carroll 5 1 Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College, London 2 Christchurch School of Medicine, Christchurch, New Zealand 3 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College, London 4 Office for National Statistics, UK. 5 University of Warwick 3,753 words Corresponding author: Professor Michael Rutter, SGDP Centre, PO 80, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK. E-mail: j.wickham@iop.kcl.ac.uk Tel: +44 20 7848 0882; Fax: +44 20 7848 0881.