1
Nicole G. Dubuc, Robert J. Schinke, Mark A. Eys, and Randy Battochio are with the School of Kine-
siology at Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario,Canada. Leonard Zaichkowsky is with the Sport
and Exercise Psychology Program at Boston University.
Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 2010, 4, 1-18
© 2010 Human Kinetics, Inc.
Experiences of Burnout Among
Adolescent Female Gymnasts:
Three Case Studies
Nicole G. Dubuc, Robert J. Schinke, Mark A. Eys,
Randy Battochio
Laurentian University, Canada
Leonard Zaichkowsky
Boston University
Within the current study, the process of adolescent burnout is considered in
relation to perceived contributors, symptoms, consequences, and subsequently,
effective and ineffective coping strategies. Through case studies, the researchers
sought the burnout experiences of three competitive female gymnasts. Participants
were selected based on scores obtained from Raedeke and Smith’s (2001) Athlete
Burnout Questionnaire. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the process,
athlete data were considered in tandem with interviews from at least one parent
and one coach. Transcribed data were segmented into meaning units, coded into
a hierarchy of themes and veriied by each respondent. Despite common trends
among the participants, differences were also found in relation to symptoms,
contributors, and the progression of the condition. Implications are provided for
the athlete/parent/coach triad and also for sport psychologists.
Keywords: sport, youth, gymnastics, exhaustion
While striving to be the best in sport may fuel the dreams of many young
athletes, the competitive pressures to succeed can be overwhelming (Gould & Dief-
fenbach, 2002). Attempting to reach the pinnacle of their sport, athletes experience
conlicting physical, emotional, and mental demands that can lead to sport burnout
(Smith, 1986). Within amateur sport, athletes are often required to excel at a very
young age. In addition to the training demands associated with elite sport, such as
traveling, physical requirements, and injuries, adolescent athletes are required to
balance academics with sports while trying to establish a sense of social belonging
as well as a self-concept (Gould, Tuffey, Udry, & Loehr, 1996a). Managing such
demands may be especially challenging for adolescents, since their coping and
problem solving skills are undeveloped as compared with adults, thus increasing
the risk of maladaptive behavioral responses (Hampel & Petermann, 2006).