Research Article Functional Integration between Salience and Central Executive Networks: A Role for Action Video Game Experience Diankun Gong, 1 Hui He, 1 Weiyi Ma, 1,2 Dongbo Liu, 1 Mengting Huang, 1 Li Dong, 1 Jinnan Gong, 1 Jianfu Li, 1 Cheng Luo, 1 and Dezhong Yao 1 1 Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China 2 ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and Its Disorders, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, NSW, Australia Correspondence should be addressed to Cheng Luo; chengluo@uestc.edu.cn and Dezhong Yao; dyao@uestc.edu.cn Received 27 April 2015; Revised 2 September 2015; Accepted 2 September 2015 Academic Editor: Malgorzata Kossut Copyright © 2015 Diankun Gong et al. his is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Action video games (AVGs) have attracted increasing research attention as they ofer a unique perspective into the relation between active learning and neural plasticity. However, little research has examined the relation between AVG experience and the plasticity of neural network mechanisms. It has been proposed that AVG experience is related to the integration between Salience Network (SN) and Central Executive Network (CEN), which are responsible for attention and working memory, respectively, two cognitive functions essential for AVG playing. his study initiated a systematic investigation of this proposition by analyzing AVG experts’ and amateurs’ resting-state brain functions through graph theoretical analyses and functional connectivity. Results reveal enhanced intra- and internetwork functional integrations in AVG experts compared to amateurs. he indings support the possible relation between AVG experience and the neural network plasticity. 1. Introduction One of the most prominent changes to our modern lives is the use of computers, which has adapted our entertainment experience with the introduction of video games. he action video game (AVG) is major video game genre that ofers an important virtual environment for human behaviors and has increased exponentially in popularity worldwide over a wide age range. Similar to conventional sports (e.g., basketball and football), AVG is physically and mentally demanding as it requires multiple cognitive functions including hand-eye coordination, working memory, and attention (see Footnote for an example of AVG) [1]. Furthermore, AVG inluences cognitive development adaptively, thus ofering an important venue to examine the relation between active learning and neural plasticity [2]. Research has shown that AVG experience is related to enhanced primary (e.g., visual processing [3–5], eye- hand coordination [6], contrast sensitivity [4], oculomotor performance [7], and body movement [8]) and higher-level cognitive functions (e.g., attention and working memory). For example, AVG experts tend to have better selective atten- tion than amateurs, and AVG training improves attentional performance in the amateurs, thus supporting the attentional efects of AVG experience. Research also shows that AVG experts have enhanced spatial distribution of visuospatial attention [9], attentional capture [10], and attention shiting at switching tasks [11]. In addition, AVG experts tend to have better visual short-term and working memory than amateurs, and AVG training enhances visual working memory in amateurs [12–14]. For example, Colzato et al. [12] found that AVG experts were faster and more accurate in -back task than amateurs. Furthermore, Blacker et al. [13] examined whether AVG training could increase the quantity and/or the quality of information stored in visual working memory (VWM). Results revealed a signiicant increase in the VWM capacity ater the training, as measured by a change detection task. Research has also examined the neural basis of the cognitive beneits of AVG experience. A recent study shows Hindawi Publishing Corporation Neural Plasticity Article ID 675046