ISSN 1995-4255, Contemporary Problems of Ecology, 2012, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 450–458. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2012.
Original Russian Text © A.P. Tolomeev, O.P. Dubovskaya, N.N. Sushchik, O.N. Makhutova, G.S. Kalacheva, 2012, published in Sibirskii Ekologicheskii Zhurnal, 2012, No. 4,
pp. 607–618.
450
INTRODUCTION
A study of the relationship of the growth parame-
ters of organisms with environmental factors plays a
key role in modern population ecology. The main
parameters of the biological cycle of the organism
development (life history) include the rate of somatic
and generative growth, the life span, and the duration
of development needed to reach sexual maturity, the
initial weight (size) of newborn and mature individu-
als, the size of eggs and laying, and the probability of
survival. These parameters form a link between the
physiology of an individual and the demography at the
population level [1]. Currently, studies on the individ-
ual development of organisms are of great demand in
the field of ecological modeling. Recently, individual-
based approach to modeling the development of the
population has been intensively developed by many
domestic and foreign authors [2–4]. This new
approach allows one to take the description of the
interconnection of living organisms with environmen-
tal factors to a higher level. Moreover, a wider spec-
trum of individual parameters can be used in models
compared to the traditional approach based on simple
systems of differential equations. In the field of mod-
eling the water ecosystem, the growth of zooplankton
is usually described as a function of the amount of food
available (or any limiting substance) according to the
Mono equation [5]. However, some recent investiga-
tions of zooplankton feeding revealed more a compli-
cated functional correlation between the food content
and the population growth. This is related to some sea-
sonal changes that constantly occur, not only in the
amount, but also the quality of food. Moreover, as a
consequence of synergistic effects, the quality of food
cannot be described using the principle of simple lim-
itation by a certain substance in food [6]. On the other
hand, the description of growth using just one coeffi-
cient, i.e., the specific rate, yields no opportunity to
separate important components, such as somatic and
generative population production; however, the flexi-
bility of the distribution of resources between the
accumulation of structural biomass, reserve nutrients,
and generative mass is the main mechanism of adapta-
tion to the trophic situation [7].
The food-quality parameters can be combined in
three major groups as follows: (1) the content of bio-
genic elements such as P and N and its stoichiometric
ratio to the content of carbon (C : N : P or C : P and
C : N); (2) both the content and the composition of
essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (mainly eicosap-
entaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids); and (3) the
content of other important components, such as ste-
rols, amino acids, and vitamins [8–10]. A problem of
food quality and its role in the development of an
organism, as well as its effect on certain growth param-
eters, i.e., somatic or generative growth, is the subject
of continued discussion. Some authors propose that
the discussion of mineral or biochemical limitation is
basically pointless, since all parameters in the above-
discussed groups are tightly correlated [11, 12]. Never-
theless, other authors prove that phosphorus and poly-
unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are independent and
Differentiated Influence of Quality of Seston
(Content of C, N, P, and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids)
on Rate of Somatic and Generative Growth of Daphnia
A. P. Tolomeev
a
, O. P. Dubovskaya
a, b
, N. N. Sushchik
a, b
, O. N. Makhutova
a
, and G. S. Kalacheva
a
a
Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia
b
Siberian Federal University, pr. Svobodnyi 79, Krasnoyarsk, 660041 Russia
e-mail: tolomeev@ibp.ru
Abstract—The data set obtained in 19 experiments aimed at studying the growth of Daphnia of the longispina
group on natural seston of the Bugach water reservoir (Krasnoyarsk) was used to analyze the relationship
between the parameters of somatic and generative growth of the studied animals and the amount and quality
of food. Depending on the quality of the seston, two models of the development of Daphnia were proposed.
It was demonstrated that, despite the existing positive correlation between somatic and generative growth, a
noticeable fraction of the variations of the specific rate of generative production is determined by external fac-
tors of the environment, such as the relative content of N and α-linolenic acid (N : C and ALA : C) in seston.
Keywords: Daphnia, food quality, somatic growth, generative growth, fatty acids, C : N : P
DOI: 10.1134/S1995425512040130