Volume 30.3 September 2006 528–47 International Journal of Urban and Regional Research
DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2427.2006.00678.x
© 2006 The Authors. Journal Compilation © 2006 Joint Editors and Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Published by Blackwell
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd.Oxford, UK and Malden, USAIJURInternational Journal of Urban and Regional Research0309-1317Blackwell Publishing Ltd 20062006303528547
Original ArticlesCharter schools and neoliberal urban regimes in metropolitan AtlantaKatherine B. Hankins and Deborah G. Martin
Charter Schools and Urban Regimes in
Neoliberal Context: Making Workers and New
Spaces in Metropolitan Atlanta
KATHERINE B. HANKINS and DEBORAH G. MARTIN
Abstract
In this article, we demonstrate the neoliberalism and multiscalar economic perspective
of the charter school movement in Atlanta, Georgia, through examination of news
articles and editorials about charter schools in the Atlanta Journal-Constitution from
1998 to 2004. We posit three interrelated dynamics which explain the editorial board’s
interest in charter schools as part of a broader urban regime agenda. First, charter
schools represent part of a neoliberal shift in education that parallels shifts in urban
governance, emphasizing flexibility, public–private partnerships, and ‘market’-oriented
consumer choice and accountability. Second, the newspaper is issuing a challenge to
educational structures, to adopt more neoliberal policies and shed a bureaucratic,
liberal governance framework. Finally, we find critical evidence that the charter school
movement draws on a multiscalar discourse which simultaneously references
responsiveness to local, neighborhood needs, and at the same time highlights the
economic imperatives of a global, competitive city to differentially skill students/workers
in order to capture mobile and fractured (global) capital.
Introduction
As of 2006, over a million students in 40 states attend one of more than 3,500 charter
schools in the United States. Charter schools are funded by taxpayers on a per-pupil
basis, and yet they are independently managed by groups of parents, teachers,
community activists and/or private businesses. Charter schools operate with funds from
local school boards — with very general oversight — but their particular structure, from
educational mission to human relations, is determined independently in each school,
creating a fragmented and differentiated educational landscape within any given school
district (that has charter schools).
The state of Georgia alone hosts 56 charter schools, serving over 20,000 students.
Between January 1998 and December 2004, the Atlanta Journal-Constitution (AJC),
Georgia’s major newspaper, published 50 staff editorials advocating charter schools as
a (partial) solution to Georgia’s and Atlanta’s public education woes. This advocacy
raises questions about the motivations and interests of the newspaper: why would charter
schools generate such interest by the newspaper’s editorial board? What is the
relationship between a new form of education and a prominent representative of a local
urban regime?
Recognizing the newspaper’s role as a classic urban regime player (Logan and
Molotch, 1987; Stone, 1989), we posit three interrelated dynamics which explain the
Sincere thanks to Perry Carter, Sarah Elwood, Josh Inwood and two anonymous reviewers for insightful
comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript.