© Kamla-Raj 2009 J Hum Ecol, 25(3): 201-208 (2009)
Evolving a Planning Strategy for Managing Urban Sprawl
in Nigeria
Julius Olujimi
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, School of Environmental Technology, Federal
University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
E-mail: olujimi54 @ yahoo.com
KEYWORDS Urbanisation. Development Control. People-Oriented Strategy. Local Planning Authority. State
Urban and Regional Planning Board
ABSTRACT The increasing urban sprawl in most cities in developing countries continues to attract attention of
national and international agencies but the efforts had not achieved much result at checking the sprawl. There is the
need therefore to re-evaluate these efforts and make necessary suggestions that would reverse the trend. This study
investigates the problems of urban sprawl in Nigeria. It utilizes published and unpublished materials as well as sundry
informal investigations (i.e. observations) of the stakeholders in the development and management of urban sprawl
in Nigerian cities. The paper presents the urbanization trends in Nigeria and discusses the characteristic features of
urban sprawl in its cities as well as identifies the various factors responsible for the urban sprawl. It evaluates strategies
adopted so far at curtailing the sprawl. A major limitation of the various strategies adopted is the inadequate
involvement of the people (developers) at checking the sprawl. The paper therefore suggests a people-oriented
strategy in checking urban sprawl in Nigerian cities; which is expected to be facilitated by the government planning
officials.
INTRODUCTION
The world is increasingly becoming urbanized
and the rate at which city populations grow and
countries urbanise is indicative of the pace of
social and economic change (Donk 2006). In 1976,
one-third of the world population lived in cities
and 30 years later (2006), this rose to one-half of
the entire humankind (Tibajuka 2006); and by the
target year for the Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs); cities in the world are estimated to grow
to two-third or 6 billion people by 2050 (UN-
Habitat 2006).
With nearly all global demographic growth
that is mostly concentrated in developing coun-
tries, urban sprawl is becoming a major feature of
the developing countries. Useful as they may be
as demographic absorbers, metropolitan regions
by their sheer size, create complex and multi-
faceted problems on scales never experienced
before. The effects of this population dynamics
in African cities in particular produced miseries
that are often difficult to comprehend (Olurin
2003). Most of the big African cities including
those in Nigeria are faced with the problem of
rapidly deteriorating physical and living
environment. The deterioration manifests itself
in the form of slums, urban sprawl and squatters’
settlements, increasing traffic congestion,
flooding and erosion, deteriorating infrastructure
and short falls in service delivery among others.
For most developing countries, the gover-
nance and management of their towns and cities
are most daunting as the cities appear to be growing
beyond the control of planners, beyond
management capacities and beyond available
resources (Agbola and Olurin 1998). Since man’s
quest for change will continue within his dynamic
environment, this points to the fact that urbaniza-
tion becomes an inevitable phenomenon
particularly in developing countries. Contempo-
rary comparative international experiences do show
that the problems have to be approached with
innovative ingenuity and solved through novel
strategies which are consensual and adaptive to
the socio-economic and cultural setting of the
target population.
In the realization of this objective therefore,
the paper proposes a planning strategy that
addresses the problems of urban sprawl in Nigeria.
The paper examines urbanization trends in Nigeria.
It further discusses the characteristic features of
urban sprawl in Nigerian cities and examines efforts
puts in place in the past to address its attendant
problems. Considering the limitations of these
efforts, the paper finally suggests a feasible
strategy which is adaptive to African socio-cultural
milieu for the management of urban sprawl in
Nigerian cities.