International Journal of Handheld Computing Research, 2(3), 53-72, July-September 2011 53
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Keywords: Awareness Systems, Day Reconstruction Method, Experience Sampling Method, Family
Communication, In Situ Requirements Elicitation, Mobile Survey, User-Centered Design
INTRODUCTION
The current trend towards pervasive and context
sensitive applications where information and
computational technology are embedded in
our social and physical environments presents
substantial methodological challenges for re-
searchers, designers, or technologists, wishing
to design, analyze, or evaluate, corresponding
user experiences. Available research methods
have been shaped in past decades to support
the design and evaluation of the cognitive
ergonomics of task-oriented interaction, usu-
ally contained within a contained time span.
Extending such methods to study user experi-
ences as these occur in situ, unfolding over
Sampling and Reconstructing
User Experience
Panos Markopoulos, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
Vassilis-Javed Khan, NHTV Breda University of Applied Sciences, The Netherlands
ABSTRACT
The Experience Sampling and Reconstruction (ESRM) method is a research method suitable for user studies
conducted in situ that is needed for the design and evaluation of ambient intelligence technologies. ESRM is a
diary method supported by a distributed application, Reconexp, which runs on a mobile device and a website,
enabling surveying user attitudes, experiences, and requirements in ield studies. ESRM combines aspects of
the Experience Sampling Method and the Day Reconstruction Method aiming to reduce data loss, improve
data quality, and reduce burden put upon participants. The authors present a case study of using this method
in the context of a study of communication needs of working parents with young children. Requirements for
future developments of the tool and the method are discussed.
days or weeks, capturing social interactions
between several people and diverse environ-
mental and technical contingencies, requires
a substantial scaling up the data sampling in
terms of frequency, duration, and the richness
of records made.
The objectives of system evaluation have
also changed significantly. Transcending usabil-
ity, evaluations of applications and services that
are mobile and often context sensitive, typically
examine higher level aspects of user experiences
and user needs relating to persuasion, fun, en-
gagement, trust, etc. Contextualized methods
of data collection need to support the reporting
of attitudes, opinions, or appraisals, close to
the moment that a particular experience occurs
and in the context where events and activities
unfold. Such surveying of user attitudes can
DOI: 10.4018/jhcr.2011070104