Spanish Journal of Psychology (2014), 17, e34, 1–9.
© Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Madrid
doi:10.1017/sjp.2014.35
Most people have to face adverse situations during
their lifetime experiencing negative emotions of great
intensity such as anxiety, depression, suffering or guilt
(e.g., Cardenal, Ortiz-Tallo, Martín Frías, & Martínez
Lozano, 2008; Limonero, Tomás-Sábado, Fernández-
Castro, Gómez-Romero, & Aradilla-Herrero, 2012;
Sojo & Guarino, 2011). In many cases, the intensity
of these emotions gradually decrease with time by
adapting to the new reality such as may happen with
the loss of a loved one (Limonero & Gómez-Romero,
2012), whereas in other cases the traumatic experi-
ence can be so intense that its sequelae can be with
them for the rest of their lives (Echeburúa & Corral, 2007;
Echeburúa, Corral, & Amor, 2002). At the other extreme,
there are people whose traumatic experience leads to
personal growth that allows their lives to acquire a new
direction, and they are able to confront the new reality
with a greater guarantee of success (Vázquez, Castilla,
& Hervás, 2009).
It is in this context of overcoming adversities
where the construct of resilience emerges. Resilience
is that capacity to get over the adversity, to recover and
come out stronger, despite being exposed to a highly
stressing psychosocial event (Forés & Granés, 2008;
Rutter, 1999). Manciaux, Vanistendael, Lecomte, and
Cyrulnik (2003) highlight the ability of a person or a
group to continue planning for the future despite
destabilizing events and traumatic situations, whereas
Bonanno et al. (2002) state that resilience should
include two aspects: coping with the event and getting
over it.
According to Luthar and Cicchetti (2000), resilience
can be conceptualized as a dynamic process where
individuals adapt positively despite the adversity or
trauma that they experience. Resilient coping involves
a form of confronting adversity that encourages the
use of cognitive and behavioral strategies (Sinclair &
Wallston, 2004). According to these authors, people
with a resilient confrontation pattern will tend to use a
cognitive re-assessment of the situation and the active
solution of problems more often. There has been an
increased growth in the scientific study of resilience in
the last ten years or so, that has been in parallel with
construction of various measurement scales (Ahern,
Evidence for Validity of the Brief Resilient Coping
Scale in a Young Spanish Sample
Joaquín T. Limonero
1
, Joaquín Tomás-Sábado
1
, Maria José Gómez-Romero
2
, Jorge Maté-Méndez
3
,
Vaughn G. Sinclair
4
, Kenneth A. Wallston
4
and Juana Gómez-Benito
5
1
Escuela de Enfermería Gimbernat (Spain)
2
EGARSAT (Spain)
3
Hospital Duran i Reynals (Spain)
4
Vanderbilt University (USA)
5
Universidad de Barcelona (Spain)
Abstract. The aim of the present study was to provide evidence of validity of the Brief Resilient Coping Scale for use in
Spanish young population. A total of 365 university students responded to the Spanish version of the BRCS as well as to
other tools for measuring personal perceived competence, life satisfaction, depression, anxiety, negative and positive
affect, and coping strategies. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the unidimensional structure of the scale. Internal
consistency reliability and temporal stability through Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest correlations, respectively, were
comparable to those found in the initial validation of the tool. The BRCS showed positive and significant correlations
with personal perceived competence, optimism, life satisfaction, positive affect (p < .01), and some coping strategies
(p < .05). Significant negative correlations were observed with depression, anxiety and negative affect. (p < .01). Multiple
regression analysis with stepwise method showed that positive affect, negative affect, optimism and problem solving
explained 41.8% of the variance of the BRCS (p < .001). The Spanish adaptation of the BRCS in a young population is
satisfactory and comparable to those of the original version and with the Spanish version adapted in an elderly population.
This supports its validity as a tool for the assessment of resilient coping tendencies in young people who speak Spanish
and offers researchers and professionals interested in this area of study a simple tool for assessing it.
Received 25 January 2013; Revised 10 June 2013; Accepted 13 September 2013
Keywords: Brief Resilient Coping Scale, validity, reliability, young.
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed
to Joaquín T. Limonero. Stress and Health Research Group
(GIES). Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Campus Universitari
s/n, 08193 Bellaterra. Barcelona, (Spain). Phone: +34–935813176.
Fax: +34–935813329.
E-mail: joaquin.limonero@uab.cat