Session T4J
978-1-4244-4714-5/09/$25.00 ©2009 IEEE October 18 - 21, 2009, San Antonio, TX
39
th
ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference
T4J-1
Towards Integrative Learning in Biomedical Engineering:
A Project Course on Electrocardiogram Monitor Design
Alfred C. H. Yu, Billy Y. S. Yiu, Ivan K. H. Tsang, and Paul Y. S. Cheung
Medical Engineering Program, The University of Hong Kong
Corresponding Email: alfred.yu@hku.hk
Abstract - This paper presents the development of a
guided project course that aims to help biomedical
engineering students integrate technical concepts in
electric circuits, biomedical instrumentation, and human
physiology. Our course involves the design of an
electrocardiogram monitor from scratch, and it differs
from other lab-based courses that comprise a series of
individual experiments. There are three project stages in
this course: 1) breadboard prototype design, 2) device
fabrication using printed circuit board techniques, and
3) pilot experimentation. Each stage has its own aligned
set of objectives, learning activities, and assessment
exercises for students to achieve or complete. Course
surveys have been conducted at the end of the first two
stages to solicit ongoing feedback from students. The
survey results indicate that many students have high
learning interest in our course mainly because it is the
first time for them to build a medical device and use it to
perform experiments. Many have agreed that the course
has helped to develop their critical thinking and problem
solving skills, although there are concerns over its heavy
workload as compared to lecture-based courses.
Index Terms – Biomedical engineering, electrocardiogram
monitor design, guided project, integrative learning.
INTRODUCTION
Biomedical engineering (BME) is well-regarded as a fast-
growing discipline in the 21
st
century in view of the
increased healthcare needs for an aging population [1]. In
the United States, there are over 60 colleges offering
accredited BME undergraduate programs [2]. Even in the
commerce-driven Hong Kong metropolitan (the authors’
home city), two higher institutions are now offering BME
undergraduate degrees [3]. For most of these programs, their
curriculum typically comprises a broad set of theoretical
courses that are taught via the traditional lecturing approach.
BME undergraduates are usually supplemented with
practicum learning experience through two modes: 1) lab
exercises embedded within individual courses, and 2) lab-
based courses developed from a series of experiments. As
reviewed by Perreault et al. [4], these modes of practicum
learning are necessary to enhance students’ understanding of
the technical concepts that they acquired through lectures.
Nevertheless, the distributed nature of the lab sessions
makes it difficult for students to form an integrated
perspective of their knowledge base and develop the proper
insights needed to solve real-world BME problems that are
complex in nature [5]. Indeed, as pointed out by Gatchell
and Linsenmeier [6], some in the healthcare industry are
concerned that BME graduates may know a broad range of
subjects but lack the know-how in each of them. These
potential employers are often more interested in recruiting
individuals with high technical competence and strong
transferrable skills (e.g. problem solving, critical thinking,
and communications) [7].
As core members of the BME undergraduate program at
our institution, we have been devising ways to help students
integrate the theoretical principles that they have learned in
different courses. To this end, we have developed a
semester-long guided project course that requires students to
work on a BME design problem involving technical
concepts in three disciplinary areas: 1) electric circuits, 2)
biomedical instrumentation, and 3) human physiology. Our
project course is about the design of a portable electro-
cardiogram (ECG) monitor from scratch using basic
electronic components (op-amp, resisters, and capacitors)
and the use of printed circuit board (PCB) techniques to
fabricate such a device. Students in this course are also
required to use their developed device to conduct pilot
experiments that attempt to address a physiologically-related
question.
In this paper, we will describe how our ECG design
course has been organized and delivered to the students.
Survey results will also be presented on how students think
about the effectiveness of our course. Towards the end, we
will discuss our views on how our course development work
can be taken forward in the future.
BACKGROUND CONSIDERATIONS
In the context of higher education, integrative learning is not
a new concept, and it has been advocated by BME educators
for some time [8]. As reviewed by Huber and Hutchings [9],
the core aim of integrative learning is for students to make
connections across disciplinary boundaries and apply what
they have learned to solve more complicated problems. One
common integrative learning activity is to assign students to
work on design projects [10], [11]. This hands-on learning
approach seems to be suitable for BME students as their
learning styles are generally marked by four characteristics:
visual, active, sensing, and global [12]. Another advantage
of project-based learning is that it provides opportunities for
students to develop their non-technical skills like problem
solving, teamwork, and communications, all of which can be