2013 3rd International Conference on Electric Power and Energy Conversion Systems, Yildiz Technical University,Istanbul, Turkey,October 2-4,2013
Comparative Design of Direct Drive PM
Synchronous Motors in Gearless Elevator Systems
Hicret Yeti�, Hande Boztepeli, YusufYa�a, Erkan Me�e
Yildiz Technical University
Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Department of Electrical Engineering
Istanbul, Turkey
hicretyetis@gmail.com, handeboztepeli@gmail.com, yasa@yildiz.edu.tr, emese@yildiz.edu.tr
Abstract- In today's world electrical machines become
irreplaceable for human beings to continue daily routines.
Due to the features such as high eiciency, high starting
torque, and silent working, permanent magnet synchronous
motors (PMSM) are becoming more common in many
applications. One of these applications is gearless elevator
system where PMSM seems to be the best candidate so far. In
this paper, comparative design ofPMSM for gearless elevator
has been investigated. Maxwell 2D Finite element analysis
sotware has been used in this study. With comparative
design, the inluence of pole count on the machine
performance is studied. Also, material consumption, weight
and costs of two machines have been compared.
Keywords; pmsm, machine design, direct drive, gearless
elevator system, mxwell
I. INTRODUCTION
Subject of energy eiciency become more of an issue day
by day in many industry and domestic applications.
Developing technology in energy eiciency enables new
and better solutions instead of classical solutions in
elevator systems. Gearless elevator systems driven by
permanent magnet synchronous motor have many
advantages compared to traditional systems. Due to highly
sensitive absolute encoder coupled to motor and closed
loop driver system providing sensitive control, PMSM
based gearless elevators show high performance at liting
up, stopping and moving. Thanks to torque and speed
control which are implemented more eiciently compared
to asynchronous motors, programmed speed-time curve -
under all weight conditions- can be realized precisely. As a
result exact and comfortable approach to loor can be
achieved.
Beside comfort, one of the most important feature of
gearless elevator systems driven by PMSM is providing
energy conservation compared to systems designed with
traditional asynchronous motor and gear box 11 I. Gearless
elevators can be designed with smaller electric motors for
the same weight capacity. The reduction can be as high as
50 %.
This paper presents PMSM design used in elevator
systems. As a irst step, elevator system requirements are
determined. Based on these requirements motor torque and
speed values are calculated. Then, commonly used stator
diameter and axial length numbers are investigated by
using commercial product datasheets. These numbers are
used for all of altenative designs. In other words,
comparative design does not include the comparison of
stator diameter and axial length of different designs. In the
comparative design technique, pole count, magnet shape,
slot geometry can be considered as most inluential on the
eficiency.
II. REQUIREMENTS OF ELEVATOR SYSTEMS
The major requirements in the motor design of gearless
elevator systems are torque and speed. These two
parameters can be calculated by operating speed, cabin
weight capacity, type of suspension and pulley diameter of
designed elevator system. 121
For some given elevator speciications such as 325 kg
(for 4 people) weight capacity, 1m/s cabin velocity, 2: 1
suspension ratio following motor requirements can be
calculated.
Tmotor = [rpulley x g x(Mcarry)ju X]] (2.1)
Where,
pulley : The radius of drive pulley (m) (0.12 m),
g: The force of gravity (m/s
2
) (9.88 /s
2
)
Mcarry: Maximum carrying capacity (kg) (325 kg)
u: The coeficient for suspension type. I for direct
suspension, 2 for 2: 1 suspension. Design was carried out
for u=2.
]: Well and rope system eiciency (80%)
Tmotor = [0.12 x 9.88x(325)j2 x 0,80]
978-1-4799-0688-8/13/$31.00 ©2013 IEEE