Reading History Curriculum as
Postcolonial Text: Towards a Curricular
Response to the History Wars in
Australia and Beyond
ROBERT J. PARKES
University of Newcastle
Callaghan, NSW, Australia
ABSTRACT
This article is concerned with theorizing a curricular response to what has become
known in Australia as the “history wars” (Macintyre & Clark, 2003). The central
debate in the history wars is over the representation of the colonization of Australia.
Because History curriculum serves as an apparatus for the social (re)production of
national identities, the importance of school history as a battlefield in the “history
wars” should not be underestimated (Clark, 2003). This article explores as a case
study the emergence of and political backlash against a critical History curriculum
in the state of New South Wales, Australia, during the decade prior to the millen-
nium. The case, reflecting similar debates over History curricula in Canada, the
United States, and the United Kingdom, provides a useful starting point for recon-
ceptualising critical approaches to History as curriculum. Reading History curricu-
lum as a postcolonial text, it is argued that what have remained uncontested in the
struggle for histories have been the representational practices of “history” itself, and
that attending to representation opens new possibilities for school History as critical
pedagogic practice.
This article is concerned with theorizing a curricular response to what has
become known in Australia as the “history wars” (Macintyre & Clark, 2003).
The central debate in the history wars is over the representation of the
colonization of Australia, particularly the re-visioning of frontier life (Clark,
2003; Davison, 2000). What is at stake in these history wars is not only
“national identity” according to Christine Halse and Catherine Harris
(2004), but also our conceivable future, because as Tony Bennett (1995)
has argued, “more than history is at stake in how the past is represented.
The shape of the thinkable future depends on how the past is portrayed
and on how its relations to the present are depicted” (p. 162). History
curriculum, as “a disciplining technology that directs how the individual is
to act, feel, talk, and ‘see’ the world and ‘self’ ” (Popkewitz, 2001, p. 153),
© 2007 by The Ontario Institute for Studies in Education of the University of Toronto.
Curriculum Inquiry 37:4 (2007)
Published by Blackwell Publishing, 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148, USA, and 9600 Garsington Road,
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