PRZEGL EPIDEMIOL 2013; 67: 29 - 33 Problems of infections
© National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene
Dorota Samojłowicz
1
, Aleksandra Borowska-Solonynko
1
, Elżbieta Gołąb
2
PREVALEnCE OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII PARASITE InFECTIOn AMOnG
PEOPLE WHO DIED DUE TO SUDDEn DEATH In THE CAPITAL CITY
OF WARSAW AnD ITS VICInITY
1
Department of Forensic Medicine of Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
2
Department of Medical Parasitology, National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of
Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
ABSTRACT
BACGROUnD. It has recently been shown that the behavioural effects resulting from latent T. gondii infection
in immunocompetent people could pose as a threat to their welfare.
AIM. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of T. gondii infection in a group of people who died
suddenly in Warsaw and its vicinity.
MATERIAL AnD METHODS The studied group (n=169 people) included 42 road traffic accident victims who
were driving a vehicle (bicycle (n=6), a motorbike (n=3), a motorcycle (n=13), a car (n=20)) prior to sudden death
and 41 people whose death resulted from suicide. Blood samples were collected post-mortem and examined for
the presence of T. gondii, IgG antibodies and ethyl alcohol.
RESULTS. Of the 169 people tested, T. gondii IgG antibodies were found in the serum of 93 (55%) of which
25 (59.5%) were drivers and 26 (63.4%) people who died as a result of suicide. With respect to the prevalence
of T. gondii infection no statistically significant differences were found between the study (61.4%) and control
group (49.4%); (p=0.09). A statistically significant result was recorded in the 38-58 age group between suicide
and control groups (71.4% vs. 44.4%; p<0.05).
Positive test results for the presence of ethyl alcohol in the blood were reported among 49.7% of the studied
population: 25.7% among drivers, 67.6% among suicides and 51.8% in the control group. To a statisctically
siginificant degree, IgG T. gondii antibodies were found to occur more frequently in people with positive blood
alcohol test results among suicides (72% vs. 50%; p<0.05) and among the control group (60% vs. 40%; p<0.05)
than in their equivalents with negative test results.
COnCLUSIOnS. Our work confirmed the usefulness of serologically testing samples collected post-mortem
for epidemiological purposes. The small size of the study group made it impossible to evaluate the potential
associations between exposure to T. gondii infection and the probability of sudden death. The significance of
Toxoplasma gondii infection as a risk factor for self-destructive behaviour merits further study.
Key words: Toxoplasma gondii, toxoplasmosis, post mortem serological testing, suicide, traffic accidents.
INTRODUCTION
Infection with Toxoplasma gondii is common in
the human population. The percentage of population
infected is estimated to vary from 30% to 60%, depend-
ing on the region of the world (1,2). In its latent form,
the infection persists until the infected person dies and
is usually asymptomatic in nature. Until recently, T.
gondii was considered to pose as a threat to the health
of patients with heavy immunosuppresion and in immu-
nonaive pregnant women, as an agent of the congenital
infection. However, the results of studies carried out
initially on animal models and later also on people,
seem to indicate that the consequences of T. gondii
infection can also appear in people with a properly
functioning immune system. Infection among immu-
nocompetent people are connected with the particular
preference of the parasite to form cysts in the brain. It
has been found that chronic T. gondii infection may
lead to lack of concentration, prolongation of reaction
time, decreased reflexes and feeling of fear (3-6). These
features may lead to behaviours that threaten the health