Research Article Topical Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Oil from Tropidurus hispidus (Spix, 1825) Israel J. M. Santos, 1 Gerlânia O. Leite, 2 José Galberto M. Costa, 3 Romulo R. N. Alves, 4,5 Adriana R. Campos, 6 Irwin R. A. Menezes, 7 Francisco Ronaldo V. Freita, 8 Maria Janeth H. Nunes, 9 and Waltécio O. Almeida 1 1 Laboratory of Zoology, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Pimenta, 63105-000 Crato, CE, Brazil 2 Program of Post-Graduation in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Campus Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil 3 Laboratory of Natural Products Research, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Pimenta, 63105-000 Crato, CE, Brazil 4 Department of Biology, Paraiba State University (UEPB), 58429-500 Jo˜ ao Pessoa, PB, Brazil 5 Programa de P´ os Graduac ¸˜ ao em Etnobiologia e Conservac ¸˜ ao da Natureza, Departamento de Ciˆ encias Biol´ ogicas, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irm˜ aos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil 6 Universidade de Fortaleza, Avenida Washington Soares 1321, 60811-905 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil 7 Laboratory of Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Pimenta, 63105-000 Crato, CE, Brazil 8 Laboratory of Carcinology, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Pimenta, 63105-000 Crato, CE, Brazil 9 Department of Nursing, Regional University of Cariri, 63105-000 Crato, CE, Brazil Correspondence should be addressed to Israel J. M. Santos; graojunio@yahoo.com.br Received 23 July 2015; Revised 23 September 2015; Accepted 28 October 2015 Academic Editor: Bamidele Owoyele Copyright © 2015 Israel J. M. Santos et al. his is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Tropidurus hispidus has been used in traditional medicine in several regions of Northeastern Region of Brazil. Its medicinal use involves the treatment of diseases such as warts, sore throat, tonsillitis, chicken pox, varicella, measles, asthma, alcoholism, and dermatomycosis. he present study evaluated the topical anti-inlammatory activity of Tropidurus hispidus fat in treating ear edema in an animal model. Oil from T. hispidus (OTH) was evaluated on its efect against experimental inlammation in mice. OTH was extracted from body fat located in the ventral region of Tropidurus hispidus using hexane as a solvent. We used the model of mouse ear edema induced by phlogistic agents, croton oil (single and multiple applications), arachidonic acid, phenol, capsaicin, and histamine, applied into the right ears of animals pretreated with acetone (control), dexamethasone, or OTH. OTH inhibited the dermatitis induced by all noxious agents, except capsaicin. his efect may be related to the fatty acids present in OTH. 1. Introduction he term “Zootherapy” refers to the use of animals and prod- ucts derived from animals for the treatment of diseases and health conditions [1]. In modern society, zootherapy consti- tutes an important alternative among many other practiced therapies in the whole world [2, 3]. he high biological and cultural diversity of Brazil translates into a richness of knowl- edge and traditional practices including the use of animals for medicinal purposes. According to Ferreira et al. [4], a high number of species are used for the treatment of diseases. Alves et al. [5] reported that at least 354 species of medicinal animals are used in Brazil, of which 96% are captured in the ield and 21% are mentioned on one or more lists of animals at risk of extinction. Despite the frequent use of zootherapeutic products in Brazilian traditional medicine, there are still few laboratory studies examining their eicacy [6, 7]. Body fat (lard) and skin Hindawi Publishing Corporation Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2015, Article ID 140247, 7 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/140247