SHORT REPORT Bundling Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and Rapid Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing for Young Gay and Bisexual Men Jacob J. van den Berg, PhD, MS, 1,2 H. Elsa Larson, MA, MS, 3 Gregory D. Zimet, PhD, 4 and Michelle A. Lally, MD, MSc 1,2,5 Abstract This study explored the feasibility and acceptability of a bundled human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing program for young gay and bisexual men (YGBM). YGBM aged 18–26 years (N = 55) were recruited to receive HPV vaccine with optional HIV testing and personalized coun- seling. Sexual risk behaviors and knowledge were assessed at three study visits. By visit 3, about 98% had re- ceived an HIV test with HPV vaccination; 59% received repeat HIV testing. Findings support the bundling of HPV vaccination with HIV testing among YGBM. Future directions include examining the scalability of inte- grating clinic-based HIV and HPV healthcare services. Key words: gay/bisexual men, HIV prevention, HIV testing, HPV vaccination, repeat HIV testing, sexual healthcare. Introduction Y oung gay and bisexual men (YGBM) are at higher risk for both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in- fection and human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers than heterosexual men. 1 HPV infection is a potential risk factor for HIV acquisition. 2,3 In 2010, approximately 72% of all diagnosed HIV infections among youth aged 13–24 liv- ing in the United States were through male-to-male sexual contact. 4 Among U.S. HIV-negative men who have sex with men (MSM), the prevalence of anal HPV infection has been reported to be 57%, 5,6 and the estimated incidence of anal cancer is 35 per 100,000. 7,8 The quadrivalent HPV vaccine (HPV4) has been shown to be efficacious against anogenital HPV type 6, 11, 16, and 18 infections, anal precancers, as well as external genital warts in young men. 1,9 It is also possible that HPV vaccination may offer some protection against HIV infection. 10 In 2011, HPV4 was routinely recommended by the Advisory Commit- tee on Immunization Practices for all males aged 11–21 and for males up to age 26 if they are MSM. 1 Routine HIV screen- ing is also recommended for MSM by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the U.S. Preven- tive Services Task Force, and more frequent testing (every 3–6 months) may be needed for MSM at higher risk. 1,11 Similar to CDC-supported testing sites that offer simul- taneous HIV and hepatitis C testing, 12 there may be oppor- tunities to ‘‘bundle’’ and increase routine and potentially synergistic HIV and HPV prevention services. 13 Further, the HPV vaccine is delivered as a three-dose series over 6 months and presents the opportunity to offer repeat HIV test- ing for MSM. The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility and acceptability of bundling HPV vaccination with rapid HIV testing and tailored counseling specifically for YGBM. Methods Men were invited to participate in a three-visit study on HPV vaccination at The Immunology Center in Providence, Rhode Island, between June 2012 and March 2013. This cen- ter is the largest HIV service provider in the state and serves over 1,500 patients from diverse backgrounds, including MSM and racial/ethnic minorities. Free and anonymous Preliminary data from this research were presented at the 34th Annual Meeting & Scientific Sessions of the Society of Behavioral Medicine in San Francisco, California. 1 Alpert Medical School of Brown University, and Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island. 2 Division of Infectious Diseases, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island. 3 Department of Psychology, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island. 4 Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana. 5 Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island. LGBT Health Volume 1, Number 3, 2014 ª Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2014.0028 1