Clinical Study The Effect of Age, Gender, and Insertion Site on Marginal Bone Loss around Endosseous Implants: Results from a 3-Year Trial with Premium Implant System Massimiliano Negri, 1 Carlo Galli, 2 Arianna Smerieri, 2 Guido M. Macaluso, 2 Edoardo Manfredi, 2 Giulia Ghiacci, 2 Andrea Toffoli, 2 Mauro Bonanini, 2 and Simone Lumetti 2 1 Private Practice, 29121 Piacenza, Italy 2 SBiBiT, Centro di Odontoiatria, Universit` a degli Studi di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy Correspondence should be addressed to Guido M. Macaluso; guidomaria.macaluso@unipr.it Received 14 April 2014; Revised 11 June 2014; Accepted 9 July 2014; Published 12 August 2014 Academic Editor: Konstantinos Michalakis Copyright © 2014 Massimiliano Negri et al. his is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Objectives. he goal of this study was to evaluate bone changes around endosseous implants in partially edentulous patients. Materials and Methods. A total of 632 two-stage implants were placed in 252 patients. he implants had straight emergence proile, ZirTi surface, 3.3 to 5 mm diameter, and 8.5 to 13 mm length. Bone levels were assessed on orthopantomography immediately ater surgery and ater 36 months and marginal bone loss (MBL) was calculated from their diference. Results. Cumulative survival rate was 98.73%. Overall MBL was 0.8 mm ± 0.03 (mean ± SEM). Higher MBL was observed around implants in the maxilla than in the mandible ( < 0.007). A relation between implant diameter and MBL ( < 0.0001) was observed in male and, more limitedly, female patients. Older patients had higher MBL in the maxilla, but not in the mandible ( < 0.0001). MBL progressively increased with age in male patients, but reached a peak already in the 50–60 years age group in the female subset ( < 0.001). Conclusions. he overall MBL is consistent with the available literature. Site diference and patient age and gender appear to signiicantly afect MBL, representing important factors to be considered during implant placement. 1. Introduction Stability of peri-implant tissues is considered crucial when evaluating dental implant outcomes [1, 2] and it is measured by clinical and radiologic parameters. Marginal bone loss (MBL) is one of the most important of them because bone around implants is necessary for mechanical stability and plays a key role in esthetic outcomes as well [3] as the presence of adequate levels of bone around implants directly afects sot tissues and, as direct consequence, esthetics and hygienic maintenance. Limited resorption around implants is generally consid- ered normal [4, 5] and most reports agree that MBL should not exceed 1 mm at 1 year ater prosthesis positioning [6–9], although values up to 2 mm have been reported [10]. A recent review [8] found that few implant systems have any published data about MBL and concluded that this piece of information should be available in the scientiic literature for all dental implant systems on the market. Marketing strategies oten employ implant performance data derived from studies on implant designs that have been discontinued or modiied throughout the years. As a matter of fact, most of the dental implant systems used worldwide do not provide adequate outcome data, and this is particularly apparent when long term results are sought. he aim of this longitudinal study was to evaluate the efect that patient age and gender, implant diameter, and insertion site have on marginal bone loss around implants in partially edentulous patients. We report on the 3 years results. Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International Volume 2014, Article ID 369051, 7 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/369051