African Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences 1 (5-6): 87-92, 2009
ISSN 2079-2034
© IDOSI Publications, 2009
Corresponding Author: I.B. Adeoye, National Horticultural Research Institute, P.M.B 5432, Idi-Ishin, Ibadan
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Economic Analysis of Tomato Losses in Ibadan Metropolis,
Oyo State, Nigeria
I.B. Adeoye, O.M.O. Odeleye,
S.O. Babalola and S.O. Afolayan
National Horticultural Research Institute,
P.M.B 5432, Idi-Ishin, Ibadan
Abstract: The study examined economic loss analysis involving four varieties of tomato namely: UC82B, Roma,
VT563/JM94/47 and Ibadan local in Ibadan, Oyo State. A random sampling technique was used to collect
information on traders= characteristics, types of post harvest loss, intensity of damages and marketing margin
accrued from the losses. The data were analyzed with the aid of descriptive statistics, simple margin analysis
and t-test. The results showed that more men were involved in wholesaling of tomato while more women were
involved in retailing of tomato. Most of the respondents have been in the business for more than 10 years. The
major causes of economic losses to tomatoes were physiological, pathological and mechanical damages. In the
UC82B variety, pathological damage constituted the greater percentage (44%) of losses; while the greatest
cause of damage in Roma and VT563/JM94/47 was physiological and was put at 44% and 36% respectively.
Ibadan local suffered the highest kind of damage traced to mechanical factors to the tune of 39%. . There was
a significant difference (p<0.05) in the mean percentage damage of UC82B compared to the three other tomatoes
varieties (P<0.05), while there was no significant (p>0.05) difference between mean percentage damage of
VT563/JM94/47 and Ibadan local varieties. Based on the losses in the marketing margin, there was reduction
of 34% in marketing margin of UC82B, Roma 85%, VT563/JM94/47 94% and Ibadan local 79% at the retail level.
Provision of improved mode of transportation and storage, is thereby recommended to minimize losses in
tomatoes.
Key words: Economic losses %Tomatoes %Marketing %Post harvest damages %Oyo state
INTRODUCTION root crops are much less hardy, quickly perishable except
Estimates of production losses in developing transportation. Post harvest loss is much more painful and
countries are hard to evaluate. Postharvest losses of costlier than pre harvest loss both in terms of money and
fruit and vegetables in some African countries has been man-hours [4]. Due to absence of proper storage and
estimated to reach 50% [1]. Both qualitative and marketing facilities, farmers are forced to sell their
quantitative losses occur in horticultural commodities produces at throw away prices [5]. Losses are caused by
between harvest and consumption [2], hence minimizing mechanical injuries, inadequate storage, unsuitable
post harvest losses of already produced food is more handling, faulty system of transport and delayed
sustainable than increasing production [2]. transportation in the retail market [6]. Post harvest losses
Post harvest losses include the rotting of produce which decrease returns of fruits and vegetables occur
and damage during storage, packaging and transportation mainly because of lack of infrastructure, poor handling
which leads to consumer rejection [2]. Most losses and and marketing knowhow [7]. The magnitude of losses
wastes occur in the latter part of the food chain through depend on the nature of the commodities, the condition of
excessive processing, packaging and marketing [1]. Post the produce at the time of collection, distance travelled
harvest loss can be defined as a measurable quantitative and the nature of the road network. The principal causes
and qualitative loss of a given product at any moment of losses are Physiological deterioration, Mechanical
along the post harvest chain [3]. Fruits, vegetables and damage and pathological damage [2].
under intensive care during harvesting, handling and