Lithostratigraphy and paleomagnetism of
pre-Fraser glacial deposits in south-central
British Columbia
1
Olav B. Lian, R.W. Barendregt, and R.J. Enkin
Abstract: Lithostratigraphic records spanning considerable parts of the Pleistocene were studied at three sites in south-
central British Columbia. A sedimentary succession near Pavilion includes three distinctly different till units. While the
surface till can be associated with the last glaciation (the Fraser Glaciation; δ
18
O stage 2), the ages of the two older till
units are presently unknown. However, optical dating of outwash silt resting on the oldest till indicates that this
outwash unit and all the overlying units are younger than -160 ka. In Big Bar Creek valley, about 50 km north of
Pavilion, an aggradational sequence of indurated glaciofluvial sand, gravel, and till is exposed. A silt unit and a sand
lens within an overlying till bed near the top of the section have reversed magnetization, indicating deposition prior to
780 ka, probably during the Matuyama chron. The Big Bar Creek sequence also includes glacio(?)fluvial sediments
near the base that are normally magnetized, suggesting that they were deposited, at the latest, during the Jaramillo
subchron (-1.0 Ma), but probably during the Gauss chron, before 2.6 Ma. Reversely magnetized glacio(?)fluvial gravel
and sand also occur along Jesmond Road between the Marble Range and Edge Hills. These units give support for the
development of at least one Cordilleran ice sheet in the Early Pleistocene or Late Pliocene.
Résumé : Les registres lithostratigraphiques, couvrant des portions considérables de sédiments du Pléistocène, ont été
étudiés pour trois localités de la région sud-centrale de la Colombie-Britannique. Une succession sédimentaire exposée
près de Pavilion inclut trois unités de till nettement différentes. L’unité supérieure de till peut être associée à la
dernière glaciation (la Glaciation de Fraser; δ
18
O stade 2), cependant, les âges des deux autres unités de till plus
anciennes ne sont pas encore connus. D’autre part, la datation optique du silt d’épandage fluvio-glaciaire qui repose sur
le till le plus ancien révèle que l’unité d’épandage fluvio-glaciaire, ainsi que les unités sus-jacentes, sont plus jeunes
que -160 ka. Dans la vallée de Big Bar Creek, à environ 50 km au nord de Pavilion, est exposée une séquence
alluvionnaire indurée de sable fluvio-glaciaire, gravier, et till. Une unité de silt et des lentilles de sable dans une
couche de till sus-jacente près du sommet de la coupe sont caractérisées par une aimantation inverse, révélant que ce
dépôt est antérieur à 780 ka, et qu’il fut formé probablement durant le chron de Matuyama. La séquence de Big Bar
Creek expose également près de la base des sédiments glacio(?)fluviatiles, lesquels ont une aimantation normale, ce qui
suggère qu’ils ont été déposés au plus tard durant le souschron de Jaramillo (-1,0 Ma), mais peut-être avant 2,6 Ma
durant le chron de Gauss. On observe également des dépôts de gravier et de sable glacio(?)fluviatiles, à aimantation
inverse, le long du Jesmond Road entre Marble Range et Edge Hills. Ces unités appuient la thèse de l’existence d’au
moins une calotte glaciaire cordillérienne durant le Pléistocène précoce ou le Pilocène tardif.
[Traduit par la Rédaction] Lian et al. 1370
Introduction
The interior of British Columbia was the centre of the
last, and probably several earlier, Cordilleran ice sheets.
During each glaciation, ice advanced from the Coast and Co-
lumbia mountain systems (Fig. 1), depositing thick sedimen-
tary sequences within the relatively low-lying parts of the
interior. During interglacial–glacial cycles, many basins
were repeatedly incised and filled with sediments. However,
despite an abundance of natural exposures, the Pleistocene
history of the interior of British Columbia is relatively
poorly understood. This is in part due to the fact that strati-
graphic units are, in most places, laterally discontinuous and
(or) are complicated by the ubiquitous presence of natural
slumps and slides (e.g., Ryder 1976, 1981). Furthermore, or-
ganic material for radiocarbon dating has not been preserved
in the semiarid valleys, and it is in these places where the
best stratigraphic sequences are exposed. On the relatively
moist plateaux, fossil organic material is commonly covered
with younger deposits (e.g., Clague et al. 1990) or is too old
to be dated by radiocarbon analysis. The geoclimatic and
stratigraphic units that have been defined for the interior of
British Columbia are shown in Fig. 2.
In this paper we present lithostratigraphic and chronologi-
cal information from three previously unstudied sections lo-
cated in south-central British Columbia between Pavilion
Can. J. Earth Sci. 36: 1357–1370 (1999) © 1999 NRC Canada
1357
Received March 15, 1998. Accepted March 11, 1999.
O.B. Lian.
2
Department of Earth Sciences, The University of
Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada.
R.W. Barendregt. Department of Geography, The University
of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada.
R.J. Enkin. Pacific Geoscience Centre, Geological Survey of
Canada, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada.
1
Geological Survey of Canada Contribution 1999172.
2
Corresponding author. Present address: Department of
Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6,
Canada (e-mail: olian@sfu.ca).