ISSN 2277-0852; Volume 2, Issue 3, pp. 71-82; March 2013
Online International Journal of Arts and Humanities
©2013 Online Research Journals
Full Length Research
Available Online at http://www.onlineresearchjournals.org/IJAH
Hand Papermaking with Waste Fabrics and
Paper Mulberry Fibre
*Nana Afia Opoku-Asare and Rita Yeboah
Department of Art Education, College of Art and Social Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and
Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Downloaded 28 November, 2012 Accepted 9 March, 2013
In Ghana, art paper is imported, expensive and often inaccessible to students in some communities for
lack of suppliers or funding. High costs prevent many Visual Arts teachers from assigning enough
practice exercises that could help their students to master a variety of art mediums. The challenge
therefore was to explore the possibility of recycling waste fabrics into reasonably good quality paper
that interested Visual Arts teachers and students could use for demonstration and skills development
lessons. The methodology involved pulping fabric and mulberry fibre, moulding, couching and drying
them into sheets of different colours and texture. Tests of suitability involved drawing and painting on
samples of the different sheets with colour pencil, poster and water colour, pastel, oil and acrylic
paints. Although the papers reacted differently to the various mediums, the results show that useful art
paper could be improvised for self-expression and skills development in the Visual Arts.
Key words: Recycling, waste fabrics, mulberry fibre, paper, art education, Ghana.
INTRODUCTION
Recycling implies taking materials from products that one
has finished using and trying to make new products out of
them. It involves processing used materials into products
to prevent waste of potentially useful materials [1]. Textile
recycling is one of the oldest forms of recycling, having
started in 1813 when Benjamin Law of West Riding area
of Yorkshire in UK pioneered the process of “pulling”, a
process which involved breaking down woollen textiles
into their constituent fibres so that they could be re-spun
into fresh thread. While the textile industry has a long
history of being careful with its resources, a large
proportion of unnecessary waste is still produced each
year, much of which is either incinerated or disposed of in
landfills. Different types of waste, each with its own
environmental impacts, have come into existence with
the advent of the industrial revolution, giving rise to the
new definition of waste “as any product or substance that
has no further use or value for the person or organisation
that owns it, and which is, or will be, discarded” [2].
*Corresponding Author's E-mail: afia_asare@yahoo.co.uk ;
naopoku-asare.art@knust.edu.gh ; Tel.: +233-208-168-598.
Key reasons that necessitate recycling waste are:
1) Waste disposal in landfills can harm the environment
and human health; the requirement of landfill space is
reduced when waste is recycled; and, the cost for landfill
disposal, which is continuously increasing is also reduced
when waste is recycled. 2) Textile waste in landfill
contributes to the formation of leachate, the liquid that is
produced from the decomposition of waste within the
landfill as it decomposes, which has the potential to
contaminate ground water. 3) Incinerating textile waste in
large quantities emits organic substances such as acidic
gases and dust particles, which are all harmful to humans
and animals alike, into the environment [3].
Textile Waste
Textile waste consists of pre-consumer and post-
consumer waste; pre-consumer waste includes all the
waste manufacturers generate during the processing of
fibres into fabrics and all floor cuttings that garment
manufacturers generate whereas post-consumer textile
waste consists of all types of garments or household
textiles that consumers no longer need or use and are