DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.305012 1 Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Calcification is Mediated by Regulated Exosome Secretion Alexander N Kapustin 1 , Martijn L.L. Chatrou 2 , Ignat Drozdov 1 , Ying Zheng 3 , Sean M. Davidson 3 , Daniel Soong 1 , Malgorzata Furmanik 1 , Pilar Sanchis 1 , Rafael Torres Martin De Rosales 4 , Daniel Alvarez- Hernandez 1 , Rukshana Shroff 5 , Xiaoke Yin 1 , Karin Muller 6 , Jeremy N. Skepper 6 , Manuel Mayr 1 , Chris P. Reutelingsperger 2 , Adrian Chester 7 , Sergio Bertazzo 8 , Leon J Schurgers 2 and Catherine M. Shanahan 1 1 British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU; 2 Department of Biochemistry - Vascular Aspects, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Maastricht University, The Netherlands; 3 Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK; 4 Department of Imaging, King’s College London; 5 Great Ormond Street Hospital; 6 Multi-Imaging Centre, Department of Anatomy, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK; 7 Heart Science Centre, and; 8 Department of Materials, Imperial College London, United Kingdom. Running title: VSMC Calcification Mediated via Exosomes Subject codes: [162] Smooth muscle proliferation and differentiation [96] Mechanisms of atherosclerosis/growth factors [97] Other vascular biology Address correspondence to: Dr. Catherine M. Shanahan King’s College London Division of Cardiovascular Medicine James Black Centre 125 Coldharbour Lane London, SE5 9NU United Kingdom cathy.shanahan@kcl.ac.uk In January 2015, the average time from submission to first decision for all original research papers submitted to Circulation Research was 14.7 days.