COLLABORATIVE CLICK FRAUD DETECTION AND
PREVENTION SYSTEM (CCFDP) IMPROVES
MONITORING OF SOFTWARE-BASED CLICK FRAUD
Li Ge, Darren King
Hosting.com
501 S. 4
th
ST.
Louisville, KY 40202, USA
Mehmed Kantardzic
CECS Department
University of Louisville
Louisville, KY 40292 USA
ABSTRACT
Click fraud had been identified as biggest threat to Pay-Per-Click advertising business model. We analyzed different
types of click fraud activities and proposed a new classification of click frauds into four categories. While traditional
commercial approached detect only some specific types of a click fraud, we developed a new system to detect and
prevent all four major click fraud categories. CCFDP system is based on the collaboration between server side log and
client side log. Our approach assumes that: a) user detail activities inside a web page differentiate a normal user from
human click fraud while b) server side log can reveal robotic software click fraud by analyzing the difference between
those two logs. Proposed architecture of the CCFDP system and click fraud identification algorithms are present in the
paper. Preliminary experimental results are also included.
KEYWORDS
Click Fraud, Detection, Prevention, Software Click
1. INTRODUCTION
Pay-per-click (PPC) is an online advertising payment model, used by search engine companies, in which
payment is based solely on qualified click-troughs. This pay-per-click model is now the fastest-growing form
of internet advertising, according to the Interactive Advertising Bureau. However, the cost for pay-per-click
becomes very high, varying by keywords and list position. Some businesses pay Google or Yahoo's Overture
$90 per a click to appear as the No. 1 or 2 ads, while at the same time companies report that their fraudulent
traffic is higher than 50% and the losses are in the range of $5,000 to $300,000 (Lycos, Inc.).
Click Fraud is a scam involving setting up a website affiliated with a major search engine, displaying pay-
per-click advertising from the search engine and then using various methods to fraudulently increase the
number of clicks to the advertiser from the affiliate website (Metwally, A. et al., 2005). The affiliate website
receives a portion of the money generated by the click through even though the clicks were not generated by
genuine customers. It was identified to be one of the biggest threats to the internet economy. Fig 1 shows two
click fraud examples. Figure 1(a) is the human click fraud. People click on an advertiser’s PPC links from
client computer to navigate to advertiser’s web site multiple times without view the contents of the site. Fig.
1(b) shows some software can click the advertiser’s link instead.
The approach to click fraud analysis and detection has some similarity to web log user behavior pattern
research. Many researches had been carried out for user’s activity based on web logs (Banerjee 2001, Berendt
2000, Shahabi 1997, Gehrke 2001). However, the user activity pattern and page link analysis based on web
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