CASE REPORT
IS CERVICAL SPINAL MANIPULATION DANGEROUS?
Peter B. Licht, MD, PhD,
a
Henrik W. Christensen, DC, MD,
b
and Poul F. Høilund-Carlsen, MD, DMSc
c
ABSTRACT
Objective: Concern about cerebrovascular accidents after cervical manipulation is common. We report
a case of cerebrovascular infarction without sequelae.
Clinical Features: A 39-year-old man with nonspecific neck pain was treated by his general
practioner with cervical manipulation.
Intervention and Outcome: This immediately elicited severe headache and neurologic symptoms
that disappeared completely within 3 months despite permanent signs of a complete left-sided cerebellar
infarction on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. At 7-year follow-up the patient was
fully employed, and repeated magnetic resonance imaging still showed infarction of the left cerebellar
hemisphere. However, the patient remained completely free of neurologic symptoms, and color duplex
ultrasonography showed normal cervical vessels, including patent vertebral arteries.
Conclusion: It appears that the risk of cerebrovascular accidents after cervical manipulation is low,
considering the enormous number of treatments given each year, and very much lower than the risk of
serious complications associated with generally accepted surgery. Provided there is a solid indication for
cervical manipulation, we believe that the risk involved is acceptably low and that the fear of serious
complications is greatly exaggerated. (J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2003;26:48-52)
Key Indexing Terms: Chiropractic Manipulation; Cervical Spine; Stroke
I NTRODUCTION
S
pinal manipulative therapy (SMT) is used to relieve
symptoms from biomechanical dysfunction of the
spine. It is commonly performed by chiropractors,
and its use is increasing. More than 250 million treatments
are delivered each year in the United States alone.
1
Approx-
imately one third of the manipulations are applied to the
cervical spine. Serious complications are reported rarely,
the most feared being cerebrovascular accidents (CVA)
after cervical manipulation. We report the case of a patient
who had a CVA after cervical manipulation and is now
completely asymptomatic, despite a large cerebellar infarc-
tion still visible on magnetic resonance (MR) scan at fol-
low-up.
CASE REPORT
A 39-year-old previously healthy male ambulance driver
had influenza-like symptoms, with soreness and discomfort
in the muscles of the shoulder and neck, cough, and a fever
up to 39°C 2 weeks before hospitalization. One week before
admission these symptoms had disappeared, but he now
complained of nonspecific pain in the left side of his neck,
which he attributed to an uncomfortable working position in
front of his computer. His friend, who was a medical doctor,
tried to relieve his pain at home by gentle mobilization of
the neck, but this treatment was stopped because the patient
experienced mild nausea and increased pain projecting to
the left ear. The following day he consulted his general
practitioner who, despite information about his response to
a
MD, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine,
Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
b
Research Fellow, Nordic Institute of Chiropractic and Clinical
Biomechanics, Odense, Denmark.
c
Professor, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear
Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
Submit reprint requests to: Peter Licht, MD, PhD, Department of
Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Odense University
Hospital, DK-5000 Denmark (e-mail: peter.licht@sks.aaa.dk).
Paper submitted September 27, 2001; in revised form October
30, 2001.
Copyright © 2003 by JMPT.
0161-4754/2003/$30.00 + 0
doi:10.1067/mmt.2003.42
48