New Insights into Geohazard Risks in Jamaica, Haiti, and The Dominican Republic: A
Compendium of Recent Geoscientists without Borders Results.
Renee McDonald*, University of Southampton and Southern Methodist University; Vanshan Wright, Matthew
J. Hornbach, Gwen Carris, Connor Flynn, Zach Frone, Joey Fontana, Emma Giddens, Austen Klausen. Brett
Mattingly, Cliff Mauroner, and Benjamin Phrampus, Southern Methodist University; Lyndon Brown,
University of the West Indies at Mona; Paul Mann, The University of Houston, and Cecilia McHugh, Queens
College, New York.
Summary
The Greater Antilles islands of Jamaica and Hispanola
experience infrequent but devastating earthquakes.
Currently, it remains unclear (1) where active faults extend
into western Jamaica and the western Dominican Republic,
(2) what the probability of large (>Mw 7) earthquakes is in
these island, and (3) what citizens can do to better prepare
for such events. To begin addressing these questions, an
interdisciplinary team of students and researcher, funded by
SEG’s Geoscientists without Borders, conducted a 10 day
geophysical study in Jamaica and a 7 day geophysical study
in Haiti and the Dominican Republic during the winter and
spring of 2013. The Jamaica study included a detailed
factor-of-safety analysis in Kingston Harbor, with
particular emphasis on the Palisadoes sand spit and Port
Royal that are home to the Norman Manley International
Airport, and Jamaican Defense Force Coast Guard
Headquarters, respectively. Our preliminary analysis
indicates an Mw 5 earthquake at the western end of the
Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault could trigger slope failure
in unconsolidated sediments near Port Royal, with a
magnitude 7 event almost certainly capable of generating
slope failures at this site. Ongoing analysis of sediment
cores collected in Kingston Harbor provides insight into the
timing and probability of slope failure. At the time of this
submission, we are just preparing for our field campaign in
Hispanola that analyzes the location and timing of
earthquakes in central part of the island and possible
hydrogeologic links to lake flooding in the region. We will
provide preliminary result from our Hispanola study at the
2013 SEG annual meeting.
Introduction
Jamaica, Haiti, and the Western Dominican Republic
historically experience infrequent, but destructive
earthquakes along the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden Fault
(EPGF)--the same fault system that activated in 2010,
killing nearly a quarter-million Haitians and devastating the
capital city of Port-au-Prince. This fault system extends
within a few kilometers of Jamaica’s capital city of
Kingston, and was likely responsible for the 1692 and 1907
earthquakes in Jamaica that also destroyed much of the
island (and like Haiti, resulted in complete destruction of
Jamiaca’s commercial capital in 1692). The EPGF fault
appears to extend into the western Dominican Republic,
beneath Lake Enriquillo, however, the exact location (and
rupture frequency) of the fault system in this region is
poorly constrained. As a result, it remains unclear (1)
where active components of this fault system extend into
western Jamaica and the western Dominican Republic, (2)
what the probability is of large (>Mw 7) earthquakes along
the fault system, and (3) what citizens can do to better
prepare for these events. To begin addressing these
questions, an interdisciplinary team of students and
researcher, funded by SEG’s Geoscientists without Borders
conducted a 10 day geophysical study in Jamaica and a 7
day geophysical study in the Dominican Repubic/Haiti
during the winter and spring of 2013. The study in Jamaica
included 2D shallow water “chirp” seismic imaging,
sediment coring, coastal slope surveying, and grain size
analysis. We use these data to generate fault structure
maps, and ultimately a detailed factor-of-safety analysis at
key sites along the edge of Kingston Harbor.
At the time of this writing, we are currently in the
midst of prepare a geophysical field study of central
Hispanola for May 2013 that includes coring and chirp
seismic imaging in Lake Enriquillo in the Dominican
Republic and Lake Sumatre, in Haiti. A primary goal of
this study is locating and constraining the timing of large
earthquakes in this region. Additionally, we will conduct
temperature and salinity measurements across the lakes to
address possible causes and sources of anomalous lake
flooding at these sites. We will present our initial findings
at the 2013 SEG annual meeting.
PART I: Slope Failure Hazards in Kingston Harbour.
Methods
The seismic survey consisted of collecting 4.0kHz center-
frequency chirp data on 16 NW-SE trending cross lines in
Kingston Harbor, Jamaica. These data, combined with
previous chirp data collected across the harbor in 2009
provide insight into the geologic structure beneath the
harbor as well as the slope angle of unconsolidated
sediment. We use these data in concert with sediment
analysis to predict the earthquake magnitude necessary for
slope failure and possible tsunami generation at the site.
We sampled and analyzed beach sediments to obtain grain
DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/segam2013-1293.1 © 2013 SEG
SEG Houston 2013 Annual Meeting Page 1234