Proposed Optimized Algorithm for Coverage Area with Capacity Calculation L.K.Sharma 1 , Hemraj Saini 2 1,2 Department of Computer Science & Engineering AIET, Alwar-301001 (INDIA). Jaypee University of Information Technology Waknaghat-173234 (INDIA). 1 lksharma0112@gmail.com; 2 hemraj1977@yahoo.co.in Geetanjali Rathee 3 , T.C.Panda 4 3 Department of Computer Science and Engineering Jaypee University of Information Technology Waknaghat-173234 (INDIA). 4 Department of App. Maths, BU, Barhampur-760007 (INDIA) 3 geetanjali.rathee123@gmail.com; 4 tc_panda@yahoo.com Abstract— In the current era of the increase customers for cellular networks it is required to optimize the cellular network planning process. Cellular planning incorporates three major component named frequency planning, capacity expansion and coverage area optimization. As the number of cellular users are increasing day by day hence the coverage area should also be optimized in response to serve the more users. Therefore, in the present paper we have discussed one of the existing algorithms known as PSO Algorithm to optimize coverage area and further enhancement is suggested and evaluated in the proposed algorithm for coverage area optimization. Keywords- Cellular networks, PSO, Capacity calculatio I. INTRODUCTION: CELLULAR NETWORK The main principle of cellular network is to overlay the larger cells on smaller cells. Cellular networks have a sophisticated cell structure (as shown in figure 1). Pico cells, micro cells and macro cells are some common cell sizes in the network. Pico cells are used as floor of a building and are limited to a few meters while micro cells are used in streets. In micro cells, base stations are used which are mounted below the roof level. The maximum length of micro cells is limited to 10-400 meters and is generally known as street canyon. Further adding to this, macro cells are special masts erected for base stations and their length is extended up to 5kms. Among all these three cells, Pico cell gives large capacity for smaller area while macro cell gives smaller capacity for larger area. Cellular networks are allocated using GSM (Global System for Mobility). It is a small amount of radio spectrum whose uplink (mobile station to base station) is limited up to 890-915mhz and downlink (base station to mobile station) is limited up to 930-960 mhz. In GSM, each cell requires a dedicated switched circuit using full duplex channel. For providing the operations between cells, a network provider is used which divides the network into small subsets. Mobile station, base station system (BSS) and Mobile Switching Centre (MSC) are the main networking components of a cell network. The detailed explanation of all these is described as below: Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) is an emerging wireless technology at present. With the increasing popularity of broadband internet, wireless networking market is extending. It provides broadband internet access across the whole cities or countries for both fixed as well as mobile user. It is based upon the IEEE 802.16 family of wireless network standard. It specifies Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN) type of communication and extends the distance between the transmitting and receiving devices from less than 100m in Wi-Fi to 50 km [1]. It enables the delivery of last mile wireless broadband access as alternatives to cable and DSL. It also provides backhaul for 802.11 hotspots [2]. Now, the components of the network are- i. Mobile Station: It includes mobile equipment (ME) i.e. phone and SIM (Subscriber Identity Module). Mobile equipments are detected through antennas while SIM contains the subscriber’s information and subscriber’s short dialing codes. SIM must be inserted before working of ME. SIMs are the smart cards which essentially personalize the mobile equipment. ii. Base Station System: Base Station Transceiver (BST) and Base Station Controller (BSC) are the two subcomponents of base station systems. Base Transceiver Station is generally used for simultaneous transmission/receiving the signals on many channels. In BST, antennas are used to detect the signals and interfaces to mobile stations while BSCs are basically multiplexer (concentrator) which are used to control a number of base transceiver stations. To provide transmissions on fixed networks, BSC translates 13kbps speech from radio channel to 64 kbps PCM. BSC is used for managing the radio tasks i.e. for broadcasting in mobile stations, BSC passes a location area code to base transceiver station. iii. Mobile Switching Centre (MSC): In addition to provide switching, another task of MSC is to manage the calls for all mobile stations within its domain. Call management includes billing, handover and authentication. To provide efficient operation in mobile networks, MSC is enhanced with ISDN switch. Despite of the network components of cellular networks, it is important to manage the database for the network. EIR (Equipment Identity Register), HLR (Home Location Register) and VLR (Visitor Location Register) are some intelligence databases in cellular networks which are used as storage of the data and provide efficient communication between the cells. The brief summary of EIR, HLR and VLR is discussed as below: i. Equipment Identity Register (EIR): EIR is one of the intelligence databases in cellular networks whose task is to store the information of lost or stolen mobile stations. Each mobile station has a unique International Mobile Equipment Identifier (IMEI) and 2014 International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Grid Computing 978-1-4799-7683-6/14/$31.00©2014 IEEE 461