Invited commentary on Paley and Shapiro
Are all psychological treatments for psychosis
equal? The need for CBT in the treatment
of psychosis and not for psychodynamic
psychotherapy
Nicholas Tarrier
1
*, Gillian Haddock
1
, Christine Barrowclough
1
and Til Wykes
2
1
Academic Division of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychiatry and Behavioural
Science, University of Manchester, UK
2
Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, UK
Paley and Shapiro conclude in their review (Paley & Shapiro, 2002) that there is clear
evidence that cognitive-behaviour therapy (CBT) results in clear clinical benets for
people with schizophrenia. They argue that this research could be informed by the
wider psychotherapy literature, specically the ‘equivalence paradox’ and ‘investigator
allegiance’, and that psychodynamic treatments for schizophrenia should be investigated
and evaluated. We argue that their review of the literature is incomplete. We conclude
that there is little evidence to support the ‘equivalence paradox’ generally, and where it
is suggested, as in depression, this is most likely an artefact. In schizophrenia, there is
consistent evidence that supportive psychotherapy performs poorly in treating hallu-
cinations. We argue for improved methodology in carrying out randomized controlled
trials, which would minimize bias, such as from ‘investigator allegiance’. We consider
evaluation of psychodynamic psychotherapy to demonstrate equivalence to CBT as a
low priority and unlikely ever to be attempted. We consider the research and clinical
priorities to be the further developments of CBT and family intervention methods,
which could have signicant benets for sufferers of schizophrenia and their carers.
In a recent article published in this journal, Paley and Shapiro summarized the literature
on psychological interventions for schizophrenia and commented on how this line of
research might be further informed. There was much of interest in the paper and we
welcome the opportunity to contribute to this debate and comment on a number of
issues that have been raised. Psychotic disorders remain an enigma. They are extremely
365
Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice (2002), 75, 365–374
© 2002 The British Psychological Society
www.bps.org.uk
*Requests for reprints should be addressed to Professor Nicholas Tarrier, Academic Division of Clinical Psychology, Education
and Research Building (2
nd
Floor), Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester M23 9LT, UK (e-mail: nicholas.tarrier@man.ac.uk).