1 Chapter I Semantic Approach to Knowledge Representation and Processing Mladen Stanojević The Mihailo Pupin Institute, Belgrade, Serbia Sanja Vraneš The Mihailo Pupin Institute, Belgrade, Serbia Copyright © 2009, IGI Global, distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited. AbstrAct In this chapter, several knowledge representation and processing techniques based on a symbolic and semantic approach are briely described. The majority of present-day techniques, like the relational da- tabase model or OWL (Web Ontology Language), is based on the symbolic approach and supports the representation and processing of semantically related knowledge. Although these two techniques have found many successful applications, there are certain limitations in their wider use, stemming from the use of naming in explicit description of the meaning of the represented knowledge. To overcome these limitations, the authors propose a technique based on the semantic approach, Hierarchical Semantic Form (HSF), that uses semantic contexts to implicitly deine the meaning. This chapter irst provides concise information about the two most popular techniques and their limitations, and then proposes a new technique based on semantic approach, which facilitates a large scale processing of semantic knowledge represented in natural language documents. IntroductIon Seven years have passed since the idea of Semantic Web was introduced. In the meantime, many on- tology and schema languages have been proposed and many Semantic Web and other processing techniques have been introduced, which provide a functionality needed for semantic knowledge