Over the past decade, Cambodia has been the focus of some of the world’s most concentrated peacebuilding activities in history. More than $1.8 billion was spent on the work of the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) alone. The world associates Cambo- dia’s conflicts with the horrifying Khmer Rouge regime and its after- math, but its troubles have not been isolated to the past three decades. Historically, Cambodia has been caught between expansionist neigh- bors, European colonial interests, Cold War superpowers, and agendas of “globalization.” Religion and religious leaders have been important in Cambodian politics and conflicts, 1 but the record does not conspicu- ously show determinative roles for religion in peacebuilding. Cambo- dian Buddhism was nearly annihilated during the Pol Pot period. Nonetheless, a striking religiously inspired Cambodian peace movement has drawn international attention since the early 1990s and provides impetus for this case study. Cambodia’s state motto is “Nation, Religion, King.” Cambodians are said to have a distinct sense of identity based on the glories of the 191 10 Case Studies in Religion and Peacebuilding Cambodia CATHERINE MORRIS