Juang, Y.-R., Liu, T.-C., & Chan, T.-W. (2008). Computer-Supported Teacher Development of Pedagogical Content Knowledge
through Developing School-Based Curriculum. Educational Technology & Society, 11 (2), 149-170.
149
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Computer-Supported Teacher Development of Pedagogical Content
Knowledge through Developing School-Based Curriculum
Yih-Ruey Juang
Department of Information Management, Jinwen University of Science and Technology, Taiwan //
Tel: +886-2-82122000 // Fax: +886-2-82122339 // yrjuang@just.edu.tw
Tzu-Chien Liu
Graduate Institute of Learning & Instruction, National Central University, Taiwan //
Tel: +886-3-4227151 Ext. 33851 // Fax: +886-3-4273371 // ltc@cc.ncu.edu.tw
Tak-Wai Chan
Graduate Institute of Network Learning Technology, National Central University, Taiwan //
Tel: +886-3-4227151 Ext. 35400 // Fax: +886-3-4261931 // chan@cl.ncu.edu.tw
ABSTRACT
Pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) is essential to career development for teachers. Teachers can develop
their own PCK by research-based activities such as action research and lesson study, with a particular emphasis
on the employment of classroom practice, information technology, and collaborative learning. However, in
recent studies, most of the models for enhancing teachers’ PCK focus on individual teachers or teacher groups,
and there is less chance of receiving support from the school leadership and institutional resources. This study
proposes a development model for PCK known as the 3C-model and implements a support system for it, known
as EDUPLAN. The model engages teachers in collaboratively constructing and sharing a knowledge-base of
lesson plans with the involvement of different levels of school members for their school’s curriculum. Through
the process of school-based curriculum development, the model was found to increase teacher PCK and
collaboration. Finally, the supporting system is found to be capable of enhancing performance in lesson plan
construction and revision and thus the efficiency of PCK development.
Keywords
Pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), Lesson plan, School-based curriculum development, Teacher professional
development
Introduction
Pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), one of the most important bodies of knowledge a teacher must master,
represents the blending of content and pedagogy into understanding, and is closely linked to the instructional practice
of teachers (Shulman, 1986). PCK refers to the professional understanding of how to organize and present specific
topics, problems, or issues for instruction according to student background, school educational goals, and educational
context. However, PCK cannot be fully obtained from pre-service teacher education and must be developed subject
by subject through long-term immersion in curriculum development and classroom practices (Borko, Livingston,
McCaleb, & Mauro, 1988). Since PCK is crucial for instructional professionals and is difficult to construct,
enhancing teacher PCK is often regarded as the main objective of teacher professional development (Shulman, 1987;
McDiarmid, Ball, & Anderson, 1989; Tamir, 1990).
Furthermore, teachers can develop their own PCK by research-based activities, the application of learning in
everyday classroom practice, information technology, and collaborative learning among teachers, resulting in growth
of the PCK of teachers. Although there are numerous ways of research-based activities to support teachers in
developing their own PCK, including action research and lesson study, most development models only emphasize
collaboration/cooperation among teachers while neglecting the participation of other school members or internal
organizations, such as the school curriculum development committee, that can be involved in guiding teachers in
performing research and providing relevant professional knowledge for acquiring PCK. Through school-wide
activities, such as school-based curriculum development (SBCD), the results of professional development in PCK
can be effectively enhanced by providing institutional support and appropriate leadership via the school.